A Long awaited Holiday

Gary Duckworth is the name he always was proud of. Listening to the alarm he opened his eyes, waking up to the bright sunny day ahead. He was more than happy to have the day off today as it was a business day for most of the world around. It was such an inner twist in which he was assigned to meet Miss. Siena for an interview. He has set everything ready at the office for him to be away from the desk. Gary came to the living room, his hands ached very energetic from the work out he had for his biceps last evening. Spending time at the gym was something he always longed for. He just flexed his biceps to have a look at them in the mirror and was extremely happy with the huge budges. He enjoyed the caresses of admiring curious eyes along with words and phrases of admiration as he move about in the crowed. He went to the phone and dialed the number of Siena; he needed to conform once again that she would be available at 9. 30 in the morning at parker’s office in down town Manhattan. Parker’s office is in one World Trade Centre on 95th floor. He has been there quiet few times, always with Siena. The thought of Siena made him glad and gave him a sense of fulfillment. The relationship which has started as just a friendship very soon found itself with a lot of new meanings. Very soon both couldn’t help seeing each other and started to miss each other more than anything. As their romantic life grew Siena grew towards being an organization than a person in the music industry. Gary chose the best attire he always thought was the white shirt with black pants and the suite. He took the train to down town Manhattan. The train ride was rather calm and easy. Very few souls were found seated in the train as it was already past the rush hour. In about twenty minutes he would be at John street subway station and can walk over to the world trade centre. 2 He was walking out of the John street station when he thought of the day ahead though it was an official meeting the rest of the day e is going to be with Siena, he was going to make sure that this is going to be a holiday in all its sense. He was walking up the stairs when he noticed that all the people out at the street were looking upward in shock or rather in curiosity. He came out and found one of the twine towers were on fire. The first thing came to his mind was that there might be an arsenal accident in one of the offices. He did not want to waist the time standing on the ground and watching the fire. He wanted to go fast and meet Siena as soon as possible. She might be worried. He heard some one saying ‘might have been an accident’; it made no sense again to ask what is it. As he walked, there was the big bang, the earth shook, Gary just could not realize what was it but he could recognize the roar of people following the big noise and he could make out some thing from the crowed that ‘it is on purpose’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ‘some on is doing it’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ‘they are targeting us’. Who are they? Gary never knew. It was not the safest and joyful downtown any more. Gary in no time found himself in a Warfield of innocent civilians running for life not knowing in the concrete jungles where to hide. Gary became one of them in number, ran for his life and stumped up on some thing soft†¦wasn’t it a girl fallen on the street †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ho knows. Run, run and run with the crowds. The objects with fire are flowing from the towers, wind taking them all around even worse that is targeting us? What are they doing? Do they want me to be dead? Who do the want to terminate? What are they up to? Will there be yet another explosion and one of these high raisers may fall on me too? My God where is Siena? He looked up to the burning towers and saw the birds flying out from there but those black and white birds did not fly off. Rather just shot themselves down and splashed on the floor in red. He needed answers where is †¦.?

Why was Malthus wrong about Japan?

Today Japan is a highly developed first world country with a vast population and a booming economy. The demographic history of Japan and how it reached this renowned economic status has been the focus of much theorising and has engaged the minds of many demographers, economists and historians for centuries. Japan is unique in the way its population has changed and its economy has developed without the stimulus of overseas markets. It does not boast the best physical landscape, being 85 percent mountainous, and it is not well endowed in terms of resources. Despite these negative attributes however, Japan has developed, and to such an extent it can now boast one of the worlds leading economies. Indeed Japan was the only country outside the western world to have developed at a similar rate. In the 18th century a Swedish doctor, P. Thunberg commented on Japan, ‘Of all the countries that inhabit the three largest parts of the globe, the Japanese deserved to be ranked first, and to be compared with the Europeans. ‘ (Modern Japan, P. Duus. ) It stands to reason therefore that Japan's history merits such a wealth of discussion amongst academics. Part of Japan's success as a country has to be attributed to its longstanding political regime. For centuries Japan was an empire ruled by an emperor based at Kyoto. From the 12th century however Japan was governed by Shogun (military leaders) who oversaw the day-to-day life of the Japanese people. The emperor, in effect, was under house arrest, taking a submissive role being more of a spiritual leader to the people. The year 1600 saw an important event for the political governing of Japan. It was in this year that a battle (Sekigahara) established the supremacy of the Tokugawa family as ruling shoguns. From 1600 to 1868 this family ruled and these 268 years of Japan's history became known as the Tokugawa period. It is this period that is of fascination to many demographers as during this time Japan experienced stagnation in its population but it also seemed to be the onset of its economic success. From the early 18th century to the Meiji restoration in 1868 Japan's population stayed at around 33 million. It is this 150-year period of stagnation that is of interest to studiers of the demographic history of Japan. There is also much discussion as to whether the population as it was, was inextricably linked to economic growth or vice versa. Searches for explanation of population trends date back centuries. One of the earliest and probably the most famous explanation of observed population figures in the world in general, was put forward by the Rev. Thomas R. Malthus in the 18th century. In 1798 Malthus's ‘Essay on Population' was published, in which he wrote at length on past, present and future population trends of mankind. His most famous stance on population levels was that ‘population, when unchecked increases in geometrical ratio; subsistence only in an arithmetical ratio. (Malthusian Population Theory, McCleary. ) He believed that mans (sic) power to produce population is greater than his power to produce subsistence, thus meaning that that the population of a country was constantly held in check by misery and vice. From this a simple model is produced illustrating the point that if populations increases; food prices will increase; real income will decrease; and thus mortality will increase (figure 1. ) The ultimate check according to his works was the want of food, but this was never an immediate check except in the case of actual famines. The constant checks can be classified into two sets, preventative and positive. Positive checks are multifarious and include such components as exposure to the elements, epidemics, war, plagues, famines and extreme poverty. The preventative checks can be further sub-classified into vice and non-vice. According to Malthus however, there is only one preventative check that can be classified as vice and this is moral restraint. The consideration of moral restraint was a latter thought from Malthus, added to his ‘essay' in 1803. From this a more optimistic model of possibility was constructed (Fig 2. ) The two checks vary inversely from one another and can be in operation with varying affect according to the society in which there are operational. The situation as it was in Japan must have had some constituent that caused the observed trends in population. If Malthus's theory is believed to have been operational in Japan then some sort of check was holding the population at its stagnated rate. Japan, unlike Europe at the time was a closed system. Emigration was unheard of and likewise nobody entered the country. Internal migration was also low, although would not have affected population figures. This was mainly due the Tokugawa establishing a period of isolation, cutting Japan off from the rest of the trading world. In terms of Japans population this meant that migration was not responsible for the stagnation, therefore according to Malthus it must be due to high mortality rates and/or moral restraint alone. Malthus travelled to various European countries to study their population trends in order to supplement the work in his first essay. He did not however make it as far as Asia, but did manage to comment on Japan and China in his work. He tended to make generalisations about Japan based on his thoughts about China, believing that in both of these countries moral restraint was not practiced, as it was only adapted to Western Europe. His work led him to believe that in Japan and China marriage was universal and occurred at a very young age. Taking this into account, Malthus attributed positive checks on population to the cause of the stagnation the Tokugawa period. Included in the positive checks Malthus believed occurred in Japan was the act of infanticide or ‘mabiki', literally meaning ‘thinning out. ‘ Again he depicted Japan as being similar to China, but whether he was wrongly casting aspersions about Japan or whether infanticide was one of the components accountable for the population trends is another area that has been widely debated. Many people in this field of work since Malthus have devised various explanations as to the cause of Japans stagnation, and many have been curious as to whether Malthus was right about Japan. In order to deem Malthus right or wrong on this topic information on fertility and mortality levels as well as the marriage system and evidence of infanticide is needed. Early studiers of Japan's history found a way of gathering such information. During the Tokugawa period a registration system, known as Shumon Aratame Cho, was devised (mainly for tax reasons) that recorded births, deaths and other such information for villages in Japan. By studying, what were tantamount to an early form of census, family reconstitution is possible and a better idea of the overall demographic change at that time in Japan is given. Generations of population historians have performed village studies and different generations have varying ideas about the trend in population. The first generation of population historians believed Malthusian checks to be in action in Japan. Subsequent work has questioned this conclusion and many other avenues of thought have been opened up. Levels of fertility are related to marital patterns. This is an area that Malthus had decidedly definite views on in Japan. A control on marriage may have been responsible for the stagnation experienced between 1700 and 1850. This kind of population control may have been conducted in Japan in order to yield positive benefits from lower fertility levels, managed food prices and improved real incomes. Malthus believed that nuptuality in China and Japan was universal and occurred at a young age. He did not believe that controls on marriage could occur in Japan as outside Western Europe h thought that ‘the passion between the sexes is necessary' and cannot be overcome (Malthusian Population Theory, McCleary. From studies of nuptuality records (including components such as age at marrying and proportion of people ever married) it is shown that marriage was universal in Japan but was not at such an early age as it was in China. If nuptuality levels for Japan are compared with England and China for the same time period, then Japan falls somewhere in the middle (see fig 3. ) Universal marrying would suggest high levels of fertility but as discussed this was not the case in Tokugawa Japan. The issue of marrying at a later age can account for low levels of fertility, and possible reduced fecundability in women. Other factors can be attributed to fertility levels and many studies have been carried out in this area. T. C Smith, part of a later generation of population historians, conducted a study of a village which he named ‘Nakahara,' to give an overall general pattern of what was occurring in Japan at this time. Smith looked at fertility levels of the village and constructed fertility curves to examine the possibility of infanticide. The curves showed low levels of fertility, and were convex suggesting that there was an absence of birth control in the village. This adheres loosely to the standard levels of fertility at the time; although the figures in question were lower (fertility levels were naturally low in Tokugawa Japan, lower than pre-industrial Europe. ) Smith believed that the low levels of fertility were due not only to factors such spacing and lactational amenorrhea, as put forward by some of his contemporaries (e. g. Cornell), but also to the practice of infanticide. If Smith's study is consistent with the rest of Japan, then Malthus's theory would be true. However fertility curves alone do not prove beyond doubt that infanticide was occurring. L. Cornell believed the reasons for the low levels of fertility could be explained by factors other than infanticide. She believed the low level of fertility in general in Japan was a result of cultural rather than structural patterns. One of the main reasons put forward for this was the long lactation periods of Japanese mothers. It is biologically proven that the longer the lactation period after birth the harder it is for a couple to conceive their next child. This, Cornell attributes to the observed low fertility levels. Another reason put forward is migration patterns of males in villages at that time, causing a reduction in fecundability. Migration to castle towns, where employment had a large pulling power, was seasonal in villages and as a result of long periods of migration, fecundability decreased and fertility was kept at a low level. Cornell believed that these factors not deliberate controls on family size by the practice of infanticide as other academics believed, caused low levels of fertility in Japan. This was brought about by controls on society by over-riding cultural trends. Smith however, had evidence other than fertility curves to support his claim about infanticide. He studied the sex bias in families in Nakahara to add weight to his argument. He believed that the sex of the next child in a family was enforced by infanticide. Assumptions are easily made that this practice accords with the widely heard of folklore that males were the preferred sex in Japanese households, therefore one would expect the sex ratio to be male biased. However Smith found from his studies that the sex of the next child was not biased to males. He tabulated the evidence, which showed that in a family with predominantly male children, the next child was more likely to be female, and in families that had equal number of male and female children, the next child was most likely to be a male. The opposite was true in families with predominantly female children. However sex selectiveness was not found in other studies, for example in a study by Hayami, there was no evidence of sex selectiveness in families. Smith used this evidence to suggest that infanticide was a means of family limitation in Japan. Another piece evidence he found for the practice of infanticide was that small landholders had fewer children than large landholders, suggesting that family limitation was practiced as a long-term plan, so as to not put financial on the existing family and to maintain living standards. This idea has been rejected however by other authors such as Hanley and Yamamura who believed that infanticide was not only practised by peasants and poor families, but also by the rich who chose to limit their family in order to husband assets. Many authors speculate that infanticide was also practiced to limit the number of male heirs in a family and lessen the competition for family headship. On the matter of infanticide in Japan, contrasting ideas make it difficult to conclude if Malthus was correct in his assumption. However what can be concluded is that villages would have undoubtedly varied in their practices and beliefs. From a persons study of one village it would be wrong to conclude that infanticide was or was not practised in general in Japan. What would be a fair assumption would be to say that infanticide probably was operational in some areas and not in others. However it seems unlikely that infanticide alone, occurring in some areas would lead to the stagnated population that occurred in Japan at this time. Other checks on population must now be looked at to prove or disprove Malthus's theory. It is a given that fertility levels were low in Tokugawa Japan, so according to Malthus mortality must be a contributing factor of the population stagnation. From the Shumon Aratame Cho it is difficult to gain an idea of mortality levels, especially infant mortality. It has been estimated (Cornell) that by as late as 1926 a quarter of all deaths in Japan were infants. In the early Tokugawa period death rates were high and fluctuating. The life expectancy at birth at this time was in the low thirties. Epidemics as a constant check, proposed by Malthus, occurred regularly in Japan; however by about the 16th century the population was large enough to support such disasters. There were also some wide spread famines, particularly bad ones occurring in the 1730's, 1780's and the 1830's, which obviously would have made a dent in population figures. However there is a tendency for populations to recover quickly from famines, and many people would have simply moved away from the area. These two Malthusian checks seem not to have had a large impact on death rates, suggesting Malthus was wrong about Japan in this case in point. Death rates not associated with widespread disasters, must also be take into account. Mortality levels were generally higher in the cities, of which there were about 200 at this time, than in the countryside. An increase in the number of people living in cities could account for a high national mortality level; however improvements in the standard of living meant that death rates actually decreased in these areas. It seems that in this period of Japan's history contrasting factors were at work keeping the death rates at a constant level. Warfare decreased at the beginning of the Tokugawa period, lowering death rates; but epidemics were introduced, increasing the rates. Similarly death rates increased slightly as cities grew, but the improvements of living standards combated this increase. Malthus was correct in the sense that checks on population were occurring in Tokugawa Japan, however he did not account for the fact that Japan with a completely different culture and set of traditions from Europe, would have had different ‘checks' on the population working in opposition to the ones he proposed. A picture is now appearing of life in Tokugawa Japan. Fertility levels were low; mortality levels were high and fluctuating at the start of this period but then decreased towards the end. These two demographic variables can account in part for the population remaining constant for so many years, but it is not exactly in accordance with what Malthus thought about Japan. In reality Japan was much more akin to England in terms of its demography than China. Malthus was wrong in this case as well. He presumed Japan to be dissimilar to European countries and because of its locality in relation to China, to be much more alike it neighbouring country. Malthus had some general thoughts on population, not specific to Japan, but which are also wrong in Japans case. Malthus believed that ‘man (sic) does not like hard work', and this is why subsistence cannot take keep pace with population. This would ultimately lead to a positive check on population, which Malthus did believe was occurring in Japan. From the time of the Tokugawa period to present day, the people of Japan have shown to have been hardworking, which is represented in the level of their economic success today. From the 17th century agriculture was the main employment sector in Japan. During this century agriculture took off at a vast rate and began to keep pace with the growing number of mouths. As the population slowed and productivity continued to increase, the per capita food supply also increased. Small-scale cultivators dominated the agricultural economy in Tokugawa Japan, but this was only the starting point of the economic transitional change in Japan. By the late Tokugawa period, ‘proto-industrialsation', a term referring to the production of goods for distant markets was underway. New technologies spread and output of products such as soy sauce, bean paste and vegetable oil was a substantial proportion of all non-agricultural output. Proto-industialisation was concentrated in rural areas, which meant migration to large cities slowed, which in turn would have affected mortality rates, as mortality was consistently higher in these areas. In this case Malthus was also wrong in his assumptions about Japan. The population did not grow in a geometric ratio whilst the subsistence only grew in an arithmetical ratio. In fact quite the opposite occurred during the Tokugawa period in Japan. Overall it seems Malthus was wrong in most of his assumptions about Japan, such as universally low ages of marriage, moral restraint not being practised and widespread infanticide. However he did touch upon factors that operated in Japan as they did in many other countries at that time, such as family limitation and preventative checks affecting population numbers. In fact given the very little first hand knowledge Malthus actually knew about Japan, the only way his speculations could have been correct would have been purely by chance, which as highlighted is the not the case. Malthus was incorrect in his assumptions about the extent to which population-influencing factors occurred in Japan. Never the less he gave many population historians a foothold to further investigate the demographics of historic Japan.

Global Missions Paper Essay

In this essay I will analyzes Escobar’s thesis and compares and contrasts his theological contribution with other theologians. I will discussion Escobar’s contextual approach as compared/contrasted in relation to one theological theme with two other contemporary theologians. I will summarize how Escobar’s overall theological contribution either expands or challenges the theological perspectives of the two theologians chosen. Lastly, I will look at how these perspectives would influence my ministry if I were in a culturally diverse ministry setting. In 1970 there was a group of theologists who came together and wanting to liberate themselves from a traditional fundamentalist view; they formed The Latin American Theology Fraternity called The International Fellowship of Evangelical Students. There hope was to establish their own identity within the fraternity because it was not tied to anything else. They received the chance to speak at a worldwide mixed denomination situation where they each deliberated spiritual matters that connected with the hardships of the Latin American people. In 1973 the Chicago Declaration was an effort to balance civic responsibility with Christian belief. Twenty years later as crisis arose it was renewed. Samuel Escobar was a leader who was among the first to know that a special methodology was necessary to get people to work together based on shared beliefs. His theology is structured by reevaluating Biblical disclosures and relating them to both social and political realities as he aims his concentr ation on a theology of mission work. In his book The New Global Mission I read about his lengthy thoughts on this matter. In there he is able to consider a new missionary drive and explores how he thinks evangelical mission work ought to be done. The Christian church’s mission on a more global front is to bring together believers from around the world. Escobar established a theology which started with the fraternity that merged social, church and state. Escobar understood that evolving cultures may not  always be in line with traditional Christian beliefs. Missionary work needs to investigate each new situation for the best possible outcome of all involved. Escobar proposed a missionary work that assigns the bond faith with in its tasks. He hails the success of spiritual works as integral to a mission. The overall effort must bring forth the involvement of each person who desires to share their faith socially. The projected outcome would be a church able to combine its mission objective with the desire to share its faith with others. Contextual theology disputes the differences of who and when theological literature was written. Theology also argues the contextual change in the setting. As the need arises to interpret various new religious questions new theology is formulated. Evangelicals now try to relate the theology to mission work in a framework that recognizes cultural changes. Escobar’s theology is said to have incorporated both social science and Biblical revelation. He was an avid supporter for the Bible and started the basis for the theology of mission work. He believed that working missionaries carry out the work as noted in evangelical revelations. The early theologian did not attempt to relate passages in the bible to the current events of the world. Escobar meet with both Pannenberg and Moltmann on this topic. Moltmann believed theology needed to relate to experiences in life. Pannenberg does not view this issue as relevant. He knew that the scriptures stated for followers to await a specific moment in time when the final truth, that which we cannot understand with limited knowledge would be revealed to us. Moltmann’s theology is grounded in biblical descriptions to him the scriptures are more than mere tales, they are real historical events and should be clarified as such. Pannenberg’s view on Biblical history is very much the same. Grenz when asked summarized Pannenberg’s theology as a notion of faith which is not a way of knowing in addition to reason but it is grounded in public historical knowledge. Both theologians offer their interpretations of the Bible not by considering it a legend but by claiming its historicity and its accurateness. The role of the gospel is also stressed by Escobar just like the other two theologians he approaches the issues by considering the Scriptures first, the world and how the Scriptures apply to the issue. Theology might not necessarily be dependent on the Bible but it tries to imply a need for  knowledge and understanding of God. Evangelicals and missionaries would be inconceivable without the Bible. Escobar argues that evangelicals must first acknowledge that they themselves have a long way to go in terms of deepening their understanding of biblical based mission work. In order to establish this as valid they must base it on sound biblical teachings. Escobar goes on to further state that theology history and the social science are useful as tools used for better understanding of God’s word and for contemporary mission work but only God’s Word that is inspired and always able to renew the mission. Escobar relates theology to history as he correlates these to sciences which are substantially valid for providing rational arguments in regards to the existence or the non existence of God. Many scientists disregard the Biblical truth as actual fact and indeed are moreinclined to read the Scripture as fantasy instead of historical true events. Evangelicals who are without adequate historical awareness or biblical training are subjected to making mistakes. He goes on to further emphasize that criticism must stand as the instrument of correction. The most basic convictions must remain a solid ground for evangelists and they must learn to embrace and sustain what is critical nature. When confronted with a setting that encompasses different cultures and we need to relate the Biblical truth in a way that is comprehensible and accurate for everyone we need to draw a line between what we think is valid and what individuals who are part of different cultures regard as such. We may stand solid for a certain group of individuals but it may not be relevant to a different group of people. It is with in this understanding that contextual theology is able to relate and the situation relates to the Bible being multi-cultural for all people. The Bible was written above culture and stands for everyone. In this sense working within a multi cultureal environment requires one to gain thourough knowledge of specific cultures while being open to sugesstions and having the ability to realate those ideas to traditional Biblical truths. Reference: Escobar, S. (2002). â€Å"Changing Tides: Latin America and World Mission Today,†Orbis Books Escobar, S. (2011). â€Å"A Time for Mission: The Challenge for Global Christianity,† InterVarsity Press Ford, David F., ed. (1997). â€Å"The Modern Theologians: An Introduction to Christian theology in the twentieth century (2nd ed.)†. Malden, MA Grenz, S.J. (1988). â€Å"Wolfhart Pannenberg’s quest for untimate truth† Religion online. Retrieved August 20, 2014 Grenz, S. J., & Olson, R. E. (1992). 20th-century theology: God and the world in a transitional age. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press.

Summary about the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Discuss nature vs. nurture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discuss nature vs. nurture - Essay Example The ‘nature versus nurture’ debate for instance is one of the binaries that offer certain perspectives explaining human attitudes and behavior. Socialization as one of the factors influencing human behavior (Berger and Luckmann 42-50) was primarily introduced by sociologists to emphasize the role of the environment and society in the formation of their self-concept and identity. In the field of psychology, behaviorism on the basis of human instincts and stimulus-response was considered to be one of the major theories that explain human nature. In analysis, in contrast with psychological theories, sociological explanations of human behavior are leaning toward the ‘nurture’ side of the debate; thus, placing psychology on the ‘nature’ side. However, through further studies and exploration of the subject, integrative theories about human behavior are also introduced. Social behaviorism pioneered by George Herbert Mead (1913) and psycho-social develo pment introduced by Erik Erikson (1950) are examples of the integrative works. In this paper, an exploration of ‘nature-nurture’ debate will be presented by examining the basis and foundations of both perspectives. The discussion about the importance of socialization in human thinking and behavior will also be analyzed. Moreover, other factors influencing and explaining human nature will be discussed to see how such matters contribute to the development of human behavior. In the process of human development, many contributing factors are regarded to be influential in one’s growth. In an extreme theoretical position, human experiences are considered to be the primary factor affecting behavior (see Schutz 32). Socialization through interaction with others influences an individual’s way of thinking about his or her reality. More importantly, interaction affects one’s idea of the self as he or she tries to situate him or herself within the context of so cial categories. In Mead’s The Social Self, he explained how interactions with individuals help us develop our self-consciousness. Socialization with others helps us realize the existence of ‘the other’ and thus, the existence of oneself (Mead 374). Through interaction, the recognition of the ‘I’ becomes possible. Through self-consciousness and the recognition of others around an individual, language becomes a necessary tool to further identify oneself. In here, communication through language is given importance as such eventually explains more about human nature; that is, explaining our uniqueness in contrast with the non-speaking animals. In Mead’s theory, the concept of ‘the social self’ (374-380) ultimately emphasizes the relation of the self to others in the social world. Though the theory is seemingly grounded on abstract concepts, Mead was able to explain his theory objectively with reference to behaviorism. Apparently, Mea d’s mature social psychology offered an example of how ideas coming from opposing arenas can be integrated in a single work (see Cook 67). To further explain human behavior, we can also observe how scholars attributes it to human ‘instincts’ and the biological and psychological state of a person. In this perspective, ‘nature’ was considered to be the primary cause of human behavior. In the field of psychology, most established theories are based on this assumption reflecting the preferred ‘objective’

Financial Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Financial Analysis - Assignment Example cial ratio are the management team in evaluating the performance of the company in terms of profitability, operational efficiency, and financial health over a period of time by comparing past and present ratios, and also comparing this with the industrial average (Brigham, 2012). Shareholders are other groups that use information from ration analysis. Information in the financial statement is usually difficult for outsiders to understand. The ratio analysis helps in analyzing and interpreting information from the financial statements in a simplified manner, and in a manner that can be understood by those who do not know the accounting language. This information helps them know the position of their investment and expected returns from their investment. The ratio analysis is useful in analyzing the liquidity of the company. This information is useful to the third group that uses the ratio analysis are the creditors. They are able to know the company’s capacity to meet their lon g term liabilities which determines the credit terms. Financial analysis usually tries to determine the qualitative factors when evaluating the future financial performance. One qualitative factor is the competitive advantage which determines the company’s ability to survive in the market. This also determines the company’s ability to keep competitors at bay, enjoy profits, and growth. Corporate governance has become a crucial issue today which determines the relationship between directors, management, and other stakeholders. One aspect of corporate governance is financial transparency. This implies that the financial information is being released in a manner that stakeholders are able to follow what the management if doing, thus have a clear understanding on the financial situation. This also increases the trust that stakeholders have in the company, ensuring a long term relationship. Finally, the structure of the board of directors under corporate governance determines the future

First Contact, or How I had Acquired a Grown-up Friend Essay

First Contact, or How I had Acquired a Grown-up Friend - Essay Example I loved television because it introduced new ideas, new imagery, new places, new people. My parents firmly believed that home should be both the center and periphery of a child’s life and that television is an unhealthy distraction. I was kept busy in the house, or hanging out laundry in the backyard, and television was regulated at one or two hours each month. Consequently, my world stayed very small, for many years. When I came to realize that resistance was futile, I cooperated with my assimilation to this Borg-type collective, in the interest of survival. My longing for unrestricted access to a window was hidden inside me, waiting to be awakened. The day of my awakening was a summer scorcher, I dressed in the shortest shorts and the thinnest T-shirt my mother would allow, and wiggled around on a sticky kitchen chair, staring at my pancakes and syrup, looking for images and the suggestion of something more than here. Eventually, they tired of me and I was dismissed to do ch ores, I watered the potted plants, checked on the slimy avocado pit I was sprouting in the windowsill, straightened up the surfaces of my bedroom, dusted our living room bookshelf and the barely-ever-used television screen, and washed the breakfast dishes. I relieved the washing machine of its load of floral sheets and bath towels, cycled the night before. I had done my homework to its rhythm. They had a faint overnight musty smell. I wrinkled my sunburned nose and placed the laundry in the red plastic tub, which still had the sticky adhesive residue that originally held its price in place. Using dishwater-shriveled, white, poufy-fingered hands, and a skinny pre-pubescent hip to wedge the tub against, I carried the sheets and towels to the backyard, to hang on the clothesline. The birds had left white pasty souvenirs of their digestive adventures again. After washing away the abstract deposits, I looked around the backyard with some satisfaction. Hanging laundry was, by far, my favo rite chore. It provided a private world, in which I could day-dream to my heart’s content. Day-dreaming is like television, except you get to write your own story and choose your own characters and even be the star actress if you want. The best thing going for it is that nobody could see it except me, so there was no one reacting to my watching it, or lecturing me on how it’s unhealthy and ruining my mind. Sometimes I would indulge myself in repetitive plots. I had crash-landed on a remote island, with no parents at all. There was a cave with a stream running through it and lots of berries and zucchini and tomatoes and a chocolate tree outside. A lifetime supply of pasta and meat sauce had crash-landed there with me, along with cases of sliced processed cheese, so I was happy. There were many rooms in the cave and each held new wonders to explore, things like chests of jewelry and exotic costumes, boxes of books, endless art supplies, a music box.

Starting up a business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Starting up a business - Essay Example This report proposes a business plan for starting-up of a business of computer sales and services in the national market of UK. The main aim of the business will be to attract customers by providing quality services as per the need and demand of the customers along with delivering latest computer technology spare-parts to deliver the customers with quality assistance. Undoubtedly, the task of rendering computer sales and services to a diverse client base as can be observed in the current demographic features of UK, will be a tricky strategic initiation. Further reports have also revealed a fall in the selling prices and a consequence fall in the profit margin enjoyed by organisations in the computer sales and service marketing industry. Apparently this indicates towards an increasingly challenging market structure owing to which the planned business will have to be quite focused with respect to quality and customer services through effective supply chain management. For instance, whe re on one hand the resource requirement can be observed as low during the time of initiation as no requirement of large sophisticated office spaces and other obligatory assets will be required apart from skilled human resources; on the other hand, over the long run, significant costs for availing innovative technology assistances and increasing the dais for serving the customers may be incurred and thus, the business might require continuous inflow of cash and apparently at an increasing rate for its continuation. (Curators of the University of Missouri, 2010). Notably, the business is planned to be instigated as a sole-proprietorship based small business concern which will have minimum responsibilities in terms of legal obligations and therefore, will have to witness minimum intervention from external parties. 1.2. Aim of the study Setting-up of a business is often signified as a complex procedure which requires considerable knowledge base of the entrepreneur which can only be suff iced with ample information related with the motive obtainable through a formal research process (Bergstrom, 2012). Based on this notion, this particular study will aim at: Identifying the business opportunities, market competition trends and required resources to instigate the business Devising proper marketing strategies for the targeted potential customers Forecasting the capital requirements and costs to be incurred during the instigation of the business and within a one year financial period Concluding if the business plan is viable and should be proceeded with on the basis of the obtained information and forecast reports 2.0. Literature Review Business start-ups are considered as a significant contributor towards the economic development process owing to which, governmental bodies have been observed to decipher a supportive approach to assist the small and medium sized business organisations. It is worth mentioning in this context that majority of the economic structure of UK constitute of small and medium sized organisations and set-up firms which have further created a substantial pressure to facilitate this particular dimension with ample scope for future development (European Union, 2011). In the similar context, Mahdjoubi (2004) affirmed that business plan is considered to be the important source of evidences required for decisions in investment screening. Scholars have provided various frameworks to structure the process of setting-up of an organisation which is often characterised as a complex phenomenon. As stated by Carter &

The Dreamer Examines His Pillow by John Patrick Shanley Essay

The Dreamer Examines His Pillow by John Patrick Shanley - Essay Example However, ultimately they manage to resist and continue feuding. It eventually comes out that Tommy has been sleeping with Donna's sister, Mona, who is still only a teenager. Donna takes the affair very personally, as if she has been betrayed by both her sister and her exboyfriend. She demands an explanation from Tommy who hedges and fails to offer a complete explanation. He waffles between admitting that he is still in love with Donna and acting like none of it bothers him. Donna demands that Tommy promise never to sleep with Mona again, but Tommy counters by insisting that Donna wouldn't care so much if she weren't still in love with him. Donna implies that Tommy is in danger because he has admittedly used both herself and her sister. They obviously share a father and fathers are protective of their daughters. To have offended two of them in one fell swoop is surely cause for Donna's father to assault Tommy. This does not compel Tommy to reverse his stance in their ongoing argument in the scene, however. Tommy claims that he loves her but he has to do what is best for himself, and Donna claims she has to get away from him to save herself. In the second scene, Donna goes to visit her father, announcing her arrival in the same angry fashion as she did in scene one.

Near Earth Objects (NEOs) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Near Earth Objects (NEOs) - Research Paper Example Depending on how close they are to the Earth, they can be spotted with the naked eye, or they can be spotted with a telescope. Rather than clustered together, a comet is a single large object with a long tail. More often than not, it is the tail, and not the main part of the comet that can be seen. Near Earth Objects might be fun to look at, but they are capable of doing catastrophic damage. Craters around the world pay homage to the respect that they undoubtedly deserve. One of the most widely accepted theories for the extinction of dinosaurs is that a massive meteor struck the planet and radically changed both climate and atmosphere. Fortunately, when it comes to this modern age, there are methods and theories in which to deflect NEOs. All of these are untested, however, and have only performed in labs. A meteor, or meteorite, is a body of rock, ice, or metal that enters the Earth’s atmosphere. Many of these are small and harmless, and burn up upon entering the atmosphere. W hen you see a shooting star, or a meteor shower, that is what you are seeing. While no threatening meteors have recently struck the Earth’s surface, the evidence is all around us. The largest crater in the world, created by a meteor, is in South Africa in an area called the Vredforte Dome. This meteor hit the Earth more than 2 billion years ago, and was around 10 km in diameter. According to science, the impact of the meteor might have been massive enough to jumpstart multicellular life by increasing the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere. There are, to date, 841 World Heritage sites around the world. A World Heritage site is a special place that has either a cultural or a physical significance. These sites are chosen by the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization), which has been around since 1945. While Earth appears safe for the most part, it has had its share of close calls. One such close call occurred in September of 2004. An asteroid b y the name of Toutatis swept by Earth, missing it by about a mile. Several kilometers in diameter, if Toutatis or a rock like it were to hit Earth, it would devastate life as humans know it. The sun would be obscured by a huge cloud of dust that would travel around the globe, changing the temperature and climate of the Earth. Plants would start to die from lack of sunlight, unable to complete their cycles of photosynthesis, and herbivores would begin to starve. Humans would have major crop failure as well, and would need to resort to another means of sustenance. Eventually, over time, civilization would cease to be. Food, if any survived at all, would be both precious and hard to come by. Water would become stagnant and toxic to drink, as the evaporation process would be altered without sunlight. The impact of a NEO of this size would ultimately either destroy all life on the planet, or force evolution into overdrive. A rare NEO that is usually only seen by astronomers with high-pow ered telescopes and other special equipment is the comet. These massive objects are made up of ice and organic material. They carry behind them a long ‘tail’, which consists of ice and other materials that it picks up as it hurtles through space. The ‘head’ of the comet is called a nucleus, which consists of the ice and organic materials. The core of the nucleus is as yet unknown. These beautiful objects are far older than many of the planets in the solar system, the majority of them estimated to be

Race in the study of food Essay Example for Free

Race in the study of food Essay â€Å"Local food advocacy is a political and moral discourse that is meant to provide the foundation for understanding local food networks as sites of resistance against the norms and power of globalized industrial foodways† (Daston, 2017). Daston is correct â€Å"in her philosophy because, in various and dispersed traditions, nature has been upheld as the pattern of all values, the good, the true, and the beautiful.† (Daston, 2017) â€Å"There is nothing new about the link between nature and necessity, nor with the exculpatory inferences drawn from such links. † (Daston, 2017). In the first section of the paper, she describes local food advocacy as having a political and moral discourse that is meant to provide the foundation for understanding local food networks as sites of resistance against the norms and power of globalized industrial foodways. She explores the use of the concept of â€Å"nature† and the â€Å"natural† in local food discourses with a number of examples of local food advocacy in an attempt to decipher the meaning of the â€Å"natural† in the discourse. Portman (2014) discovers that a cluster of implicit concepts which are uncritically assumed to be earth-based, family-based, and feminine-based; these bases are also assumed to be unproblematic.† (Portman, 2014 Daston asserts that â€Å"the moral dimension of local food discourse, in general, is encompassed in the conviction that there are ethical and unethical ways by which our food can be produced, distributed and consumed.† (Daston, 2017). â€Å"It is only within this modern framework that we can make sense of the naturalistic fallacy, both its confusions and its tenacity. The naturalistic fallacy and its barnacle-like accretions assume what Frankena called a â€Å"bifurcation ontology† that prohibits commerce between the two immiscible realms. Repeated efforts on the part of monists of both materialist and idealist persuasion to dissolve the dichotomy in favor of one or another realm have only reinforced its binary logic† (Daston, 2017, p.581). Portman’s (2017) decision to delve into the ethics of local food advocacy is a timely decision as words such as organic, healthy, and farm-fresh have become a part of the mainstream vernacular. While it may seem random to popular culture.† (Portman, 2017, p. 4). His ideology supports a long-held belief that humans make their food choices based on financial ability. However, it is reckless to say that a single mother of four will make â€Å"everyone’s agreed upon† morally sound decision when trying to determine how to feed her children with her last $20. While politics and economics dictate the type of food presented to various populations and demographics, morality is a luxury that only those who have the time to debate it can afford. â€Å"In this context, the concept of the â€Å"natural† is frequently and uncritically invoked to argue for the ethical significance of participating in and advocating for local food networks. This is problematic in that the dualistic framework serves to obscure many actual complexities within the â€Å"natural† and the â€Å"local† themselves, and in their relationships with their counterparts, the â€Å"cultural† and the â€Å"global.† Thus, by leaving unquestioned certain assumptions about the meaning of the â€Å"natural† and how that meaning was constructed, local food advocacy is not as resistant as it might otherwise be.† (Portman, 2014) Datson (2014), on the other hand, supposes that the idea of morality having a direct influence on decisions regarding nature is a modern phenomenon. This notion supports the theory that these philosophical examinations are only able to be discussed because humans now have the knowledge and time, thanks to modern technology, to make these assumptions. Datson (2014) defined nature as, â€Å"everything in the universe (sometimes including and sometimes excluding human beings), to what is inborn rather than cultivated, to the wild rather than the civilized, to raw materials as opposed to refined products, to the spontaneous as opposed to the sophisticated, to what is native rather than foreign, to the material world without divinity, to a fruitful goddess, and to a great deal else, depending on epoch and context† (Portman, 2014) (p. 582). The lack of a universally accepted definition of the term they are trying to define speaks to the logical flaw that we cannot discount anything that we do not yet understand. It argues that just because something is natural it must be good. We act against nature all the time with money, vaccination, electricity, even medicine. In the same sense, many things that are natural are good, but not all unnatural things are unethical which is what the naturalistic fallacy argues. Both articles show a bias for people who have a choice. A choice to choose what they eat, a choice to carefully examine what they are able to consume, both physically and mentally, and a choice to act on their desires. According to the â€Å"Center for Disease Control (CDC), Non-Hispanic blacks have the highest age-adjusted rates of obesity (48.1%) followed by Hispanics (42.5%), non-Hispanic whites (34.5%), and non-Hispanic Asians (11.7%)† (2017).† The CDC also reported that â€Å"obesity decreased by the level of education. Adults without a high school degree or equivalent had the highest self-reported obesity (35.5%), followed by high school graduates (32.3%), adults with some college (31.0%) and college graduates (22.2%)† (2016). The populations represented in these reports are often plagued by a lack of choice due to political agendas and systemic oppression. Without using these statistics to inform their theories, the authors have left out a demographic who would benefit the most from these findings. Portman (2017) and Daston (2014) have continued a discussion that has been argued for centuries. Portman (2017) provides an action-based solution to the posed questions and the stance it takes, while Daston (2014) attempts to break down a concept that has not been generally agreed upon. Both articles, when referenced wisely, can begin the movement of a positive change in the relationship between our decision-making and our food. References Daston, L. (2017). The naturalistic fallacy is modern. The History of Science Journal, The University of Chicago Press, 105(3), 579-587. doi:10.1086/678173. Overweight and Obesity. (2017). Adult Obesity Facts. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html Overweight and Obesity. (2017). Adult Obesity Prevalence Maps. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/prevalence-maps.html Portman, A. (2014). Mother nature has it right: Local food advocacy and the appeal to the â€Å"natural.† Ethics and the Environment, 19(1), 1-30. Doi: 10.2979. http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/678173 https://muse.jhu.edu/article/547343/summary https://muse.jhu.edu/article/547343/pdf https://www.cdc.gov/socialdeterminants/archive/

The origins of two modern Jewish groups Essay Example for Free

The origins of two modern Jewish groups Essay Q1- Describe the origins of two modern Jewish groups and explain the ways in which they have developed. There are two main Jewish group, reform Jews and Orthodox Jews. In some ways the groups could be seen as opposites but thought this is partly true both groups have their similarities to each other. Orthodox Jews are very strict when it comes to their religions. A colloquial term used by Jews for the word strict is frum. The more frum the Jew is the more strictly he or she keeps to the mitzvots given by God to Abraham. There are many different Jewish groups as well as these including Jews for Jesus. Jewdaism is the personal relationship between god and the Hebrews which was established through Abraham. Abraham is believed by Jews to be the first person to recognise and worship the one god. Moses is also an important figure because he united the Jews as a people when god brought them out of slavery in Egypt. Moses was also the person who was given the Torah (Laws and Teachings) by God on Mt. Sinai. Chassidics are the traditional Jews follow the laws of Judaism very closely, both written and oral. They believe that the laws from god are absolute and unchanging. Orthodox Jews are willing to accept Jewish traditions and practices and realise their importance even if they dont observe them themselves. The major reason that Jews divided into the two main groups, Reform and Chassidism was all to do with the way that Jews were treated in history. In Eastern Europe during the 17th century many thousands of people were living in poverty. Part of the reason for this was because of an uprising when Sweden and Russia invaded Poleland. This caused many thousands of deaths and it effected the economy dramatically. Before the uprising many talented young men had the opportunity to attend the Yeshivot (Talmudic academies) which was where your learned intensively about the Torah. After the uprising, numbers of people that could enter the Yeshivot decreased rapidly because only large town could afford the costs of maintaining such a place. This meant that thousands of Jews could not be educated and it left them feelings if they were second-rate Jews and that god didnt value them. Reform Judaism came about during the time of the French revolution, it was a time when European Jews were recognised as citizens in the countries they lived for the first time. It was a great time for the Jews because for the first time they had the freedom to settle where the pleased, dress as they liked and have occupations they wanted, all the ghettos were being abolished and special badges were no longer worn. It was because of this freedom that many Jews began to live outside Jewish districts and lived like their neighbours, this meant they spoke less Hebrew and more of the language of the land. They also went to public schools and universities and began to neglect Jewish studies. In 1815 after Napoleons defeat Jews lost their rights to citizenship in several countries. It was because of this that may Jews converted to Christianity to retain these rights. Rabbis saw this problem but no matter how hard they tried to convince Jews not to go to public schools and universities it didnt work. Leopold Zunz suggested something different. He tried to get the Synagogue services to change, he wanted them to be spoken in the local language and have local music. However, local Rabbis didnt like this idea and change it back. Was this just proof that they werent prepared to move with the times? Shortly after this Rabbi Abraham Geiger suggested the observances be change to suit modern people. He discovered that Judaism had gradually but steadily changed over the last 2000 years to make Judaism easier to follow for modern people and he decided it was time for some more changes in order to make the religion more attractive to Jews. Between 1810 and 1820 three cities in Germany; Seesen, Hamburg and Berlin made some dramatic changes such as mixed seating in the Synagogue. Many rabbis of reform movements took a rejectionist view on some traditional rituals. For example: * Circumcision was seen to be barbaric and not practiced * The Hebrew language in the liturgy was replaced with German * The hope for restoration of the Jews in Israel was officially renounced. * Bar Mitzvah was replaced with a confirmation ceremony * The laws of Kashrut and family purity were officially declared repugnant. * Shabbat was observed on Sunday * Traditional resurrections on Shabbat behaviour were not followed. Orthodox Jews dont believe in the above changes and see it as compromising. The dont see reform Jews to be Real Jews, infact many dont see them as Jews at all. Q2- Describe the worship and lifestyle of these and explain how this reflects and assists beliefs. Because Chassidic Jews along with all Orthodox Jewish groups see the Torah as being divinely inspired and sacred they follow every word while Reform Jews see it as guidance from god that can be interpreted. Orthodox Jews have very long synagogue services each Sabbath lasting up to _________hours. Reform Jews dont always go to the Synagogue, sometimes they only go on special occasions such as Rosh Hashanah. If they do go on the Sabbath the reform service usually only lasts _______hours. Another difference is what they do on the Sabbath. While Chassidic Jews dont do any of the 39 things considered to be work on the Sabbath, most reform Jews do. They think the laws dont apply to modern Jews. Reform Jews see the Sabbath to be on a Sunday to fit in with the Western way of life. Chassidic Jews try their hardest to follow all the mitzvots and go to a lots of effort in trying. Strict orthodox even by pre-torn toilet paper so they dont have to tear. They will not turn on light switches or even the TV. Reform Jews will. Kosher food is another aspects of Jewdaism in which Chasidic and Reform Jews differ in opinion greatly. Chassidics keep to all the food laws such as no fish with cartilage and no birds of prey as well as how all meat is prepared. Reform Jews however do not keep to these laws. Circumsision was abbolished by reform Jews after being classified as Barbaric. Chassidic Jews however see it as a symbol that connects all Jewish boys to Abraham, the Father of the Jews. Bar Mitzvahs were also changed by Reform Jews replacing it with a confirmation ceremony. Reform Jews do not hope for restoration of the Jews in Israel and it was officially stated that Germany was to be the new Zion. Traditionally all Jews wanted to return to the Promised Land given to them by god. Festivals such as Yom Kippur and Rosh Hishanah are acknowledged by Reform Jews as well Chassidics but are not necessarily taken as seriously especially when it comes to the reasons behind the festivals. A Jewsish marriage is pretty much the same for Orthodox Jews and Chassidic Jews both with being under a Chuppa and the Ketuba. However reform Jews permit divorce while Chassidic forbid it. Q3- Jews should try an overcome the differences between groups and Unite. Do you agree? Include different points of Views. There is an obvious reason why the Orthodox and reform Jews should unite. It would mean they have larger numbers and thy could work together. They could learn things from each other and together they could conquer problems, which they may face. They would also appear more powerful and influential, which means gentiles, would respect their beliefs and traditions more. If compared to Christianity, Catholics have many people all with the same general belief but each with a different degree of observance. If Catholics are able to overcome their differences why wouldnt Jews. On the other hand though, Reform Jews and Orthodox Jews have different beliefs. Orthodox Jews think Reform Jews are compromising and dont want to be associated with this. Chassidic Jews go to a lot of effort to keep to the commandments and mitzvots and think it is unfair that Reform Jews still call themselves Jews when the dont put half as much effort or commitment in. Reform Jews dont see the changes they have made as a compromise, they see it as modernisation. They believe as the people change the religion should change to fit. They interpret things differently. For example, not working on Shabbat, they see this to have its literal meaning, not going off and doing your job. Orthodox Jews see work to be the 30 jobs it took to build up the temple in which they worshipped thousands of years ago before they found there promised lands. This means they dont create fire or anything that could be associated with fire like electricity and many other things. Since the Reform Jews have split from the Orthodox hundreds of years ago they have grown apart and now have their own ways o doing things. If there was wars between the two groups over there differences then obviously there needs to be a change but Judaism is the worlds oldest religion and thy have got along fine for thousands of years. I think if Jews are happy with having separate groups then it is their decision and they should be able to stay this way.

Introduction to Vampires

Introduction to Vampires A vampire is a mythological or folkloric creature that is famous in their blood sucking ability in order to prolong their life and their super strength. The term vampires was not popularized until 18th century in Western Europe because of superstitious beliefs and continuously popularized in our present time because of some famous movies and books that were related to vampires attracted us. We were fascinated by their special traits, habit, characteristics and ability. But those were just fictional characters and created by the artistic imagination of the authors or the movie makers about vampires. People of today, when hear the word vampire, the first thing they come in their mind is Edward Cullen (Twilight 2008 the vampire romance series) and any movies that has a vampire appearances or those vampires that they read in a fictional book particularly The Twilight Saga by Stephanie Meyer. They dont have any ideas what is a real human vampire. But do you have any idea what are the char acteristics of a real vampire? Do you want to know the common misconceptions about them? And why these misconception spread out all over the world? History of the word vampire: The word vampire was borrowed from the French word vampir in the early 18th century. But according to some sources it came from Slavic language vampir, Bulgarian vapir Croatian upir/upirina, Czech and Slovac upir, Russian upyr', Belarusian upir and Ukaranian upir, many of these languages have also borrowed from the wordvampir/wampir in the western country. The word upir as a term of vampire, was first founded in year 1047 AD into a letter to a Novgorodian prince referring to him as Upir Lichyj which means the wicked vampire. The word upir is still a controversial based on its real meaning, in some languages upir means to blow. to drink bat and to fly. It is still hard to tell how the word vampire came from and what it is real origin, if it was discovered, invented or flourished by just a written word, the exact etymology from where the word vampire is still a mystery and unclear. (http://vampires.monstrous.com/etymology_vampire/htm) The first vampire word appears in the Oxford English Dictionary in 1734 and it came from the old Russian word upir. A brief description about vampire myths Vampires are evil creatures with very pale skin and wear capes are believed to live for more than a hundred of years. They commonly live in coffins, but they also live in graves or any dark places and sleep upside down. They are nocturnal, meaning that they are active at night and asleep by day. Vampires are afraid of sunlight or any ultraviolet lights and cannot touch religious artifacts, they burned into ashes when they were expose to sunlight or sprinkled by holy water. Garlics, roses, rosary, silver and an aloe vera hung backwards are the famous repellent to them. They dont have any reflection when they look in a mirror and dont cast shadows because they were believe that they have no souls. They have super strengths and they have a special ability to transform into any kinds of animal, particularly into a bat. Most of all, they have long sharp fangs that they use to bite the neck of their victims easily and suck their blood and then the victim instantly turns into a vampire hims elf. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/vampires) Misconceptions about vampires Vampires are evil and know what they are doing is an evil thing. They are seductive, physically strong, and they dont need any jobs. They are immortal or undead and the only way to kill them are by exposing them on sunlight, hit their heart with a stake, break their neck or beheaded them, burn them with fire and more vampire-fictional killing method. (http://hubpages.com/hub/howtokillavampire/) They were repelled by roses, garlics, roses and silvers. They drink human blood to nourish them and give them strength; otherwise, if they dont suck blood, they die. They cant expose themselves on sunlight or any ultraviolet lights or else, they might get burned or explode violently. They live and sleep in a coffin upside down, wear black cape and have long and very sharp fangs that grows longer and longer when they smell blood, and when their victim was bitten, it instantly became vampire themselves. They had a very pale skin, and when they look in a mirror, they dont have any reflection beca use it is believed that they have no souls and they dont cast shadow either. They cant go into church and touch religious artifacts or else they get burned. They can fly and they have an ability transform into any kinds of animals particularly into a bat. (http://vampireamongus.com/vampchars.html) The real human vampire Human vampires exist, but they are not like those on what we watch on TVs or what we read on books or novels. They were called vampires because they have some characteristics like a vampire. Human vampires have strong desire on blood. The people you get close to tend become tired, weary and upset a lot when with you. They begin to find you interesting at first, but soon they began to avoid you. Even if you are with others, you feel alone. The sunlight or bright lights tend to hurt your eyes easily and you prefer to work at night because you feel more comfortable at night. You have strong interest about vampires, you seldom get sick and when you have a wound, they heal easily and swiftly. You have the ability to read the auras of the others and you seem look younger even if you are more than 20 years of age. Animals get tends to you and you have strong passion about sex. You only have one or two friends or companion who really understands you and whom you get along with. They suffer f rom allergies and have very sensitive senses.Most of all, they are humans with some extraordinary traits or habits. The truth about vampires: The statement of Lady Rose Noire(2008): Vampires are just like everyone else, they have generally tend to have more intense and charismatic personalities. Vampires need to earn a living, which mean they need a job to buy some foods and other necessary things that we need in order to live. Vampires are physically mortal and have immortal souls. They can die from anything, bullets AIDS or even accidents, however, the sunlight cant kill them, it is just fictional way to slay them. Roses, garlic and others repellents on vampires have no effect on them, the only way they might repelled by rose is because the thorns might prick them. They drink blood, but they have a regular diet to, and drinks water as well. Vampires can go out in sunlight and the reason they exposed much on sunlight is because their eyes might irritate them, cause headache and they take care of themselves to prevent heatstroke. They dont ware capes at all, they wear just like the normal people, they dont have any fangs, unless it is surgically implanted and va mpire might be pale if he/she avoid sunlight if he/she is sensitive to it. (http://vampireamongus.com/vampchars.html) Not all vampires are evil and they dont know if there doings is an evil thing or not, there is no being on earth who can state with any validation what is good and what is evil. There are a great many evil humans out there too, anyway. Furthermore, not all vampires even know they are vampireslet alone contemplating whether their vampirism makes them good or bad. (Lady Rose Noire, 2008) The statement of Robias (2008) Vampires are sensitive to sunlight, especially their eyes. So they were eye glasses to prevent their eyes from soaring or irritation. They get burned, but only a sun burn. Vampires arent afraid of garlics, and they can eat garlics. They were repelled if they were allergic to it or sometimes they cant take too long the smell of the garlic. The only way they might repelled by roses in when the thorns prick them. Vampires can go to church, touch religious artifacts and dont get burned when sprinkled by holy water. This myth came from religious people that believed that vampires are evil and dont have any souls. Vampires are undead. Vampires are not dead; they are alive and have pulse. These rumours spread out because vampires in the early times are cadaver that awakens after their burial. Vampires dont have any long sharp fangs, unless it was surgically implanted or they wear fake fangs. In early times, it is believed that their fangs grow longer and longer when they smell blood and vam pires need these fangs to bite easily their victim. Vampires dont have super strengths. Most vampires that appear in the movie, particularly Edward Cullen in the Twilight Saga has super-human strength. This isnt true, it is a fiction. Vampires cant transform into a bat or any kinds of animals, even human living vampires, they cant transform into anything they want. This is another myth among vampires. Vampires dont sleep in a coffin. They were once thought that they rise from their resting place when the sun goes down and goes back to their tomb before the sun rise, they do this to prevent light from entering their resting place. (http://www.vampireforum.net/vampire-general-discussion-vampire-chat/3329-vampire-misconceptions.html) Why these misconception spread out? Literatures The poem Vampire (1748) by Heinrich August Ossenfelder, is where the first vampire appeared. The influential fictional book of Bram Stokers Dracula (1987), the famous Stephanie Meyers Twilight (2005) became the most influential cause of misconceptions of vampires. These also include the first scientific novel of Richard Mathesons 1954 I Am Legend. (http://www.ign.com/blogs/DarkBlood999/2010/10/14/correcting-a-misconception-the-vampire-diaries/) Movies Mostly, vampire movies originated from books or novels about vampires and still the misconception about vampires broadcast it in that movie. Like I am Legend (2007), Twilight (2008) The Vampire Chronicles: Interview with the vampire (1997) they added some fictional features of vampires which is totally a myth. (http://www.ign.com/blogs/DarkBlood999/2010/10/14/correcting-a-misconception-the-vampire-diaries/) Conclusion Vampires in our era are only based on a myth created by artistic imagination of some people. They are just like any other human beings in this world, but they have extraordinary habits like strong passion on bloods. No one can judge them if they are evil or not. there is no being on earth who can state with any validation what is good and what is evil (Lady Rose Noire, 2008). The reason why these misconception spread out is because of those movies and novels about vampires defining them as a super natural being that live for more than a hundred of years and have super extraordinary power is absolutely ridiculous. They are humans; they have mortal bodies and have immortal souls.

Use of Language in Out of Africa by Grace Nichols :: essays research papers

This poem takes us on a journey of Grace Nichols life, from her ancestry in Africa to her migration from the Caribbean to England. Language features such as extended metaphor’s and repetition of phrases help to keep this journey flowing. The first language feature we come across is the repetition of the words ‘out of’ and ‘into’. The phrases being repeated help to link past and present. The first stanza repeats ‘Out of†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This talks about Grace’s ancestry, i.e. coming out of before her time. The second and third stanza ‘Into†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is about her life and her past. Grace lived in the Caribbean and moved to England so the ‘into’ refers to her life experiences. Personification is used widely throughout the poem, an example of this is the personification of the word mother. ‘ Out of Africa of the suckling.’ The word mother is not specifically mentioned in the line but sucking refers to the relationship between mother and child. The second reference to mother is a personification of the earth, ‘Out of Africa of the first rains, the first mother. This personification is symbolic and has references to the past, the first rains being those rains of a long time ago. The personification of the ‘trampled autumn tongues,’ can be taken on two levels. (It is also an extended metaphor!) Trampled autumn tongues could be taken literally i.e. leaves being trampled on or metaphorically. The leaves could be reference to the tongues of the slaves (slaves tongues would be cut off if they were caught speaking between each other in their native tongue.) The structure of the poem is also interesting, there are three stanzas’, the first and second stanza are equal in length but the third is slightly longer. The third stanza is the longest because that is where she is living now and has been the longest. The narrative voice in the poem is the voice of the African people. The tone is sarcastic and hast a hint of mocking to it, with parts such as ‘ baleful tourist glair’ and ‘ happy Creole so-called mentality.’ These lines show the ignorance of the white tourists that come to the Caribbean expecting everyone else (Caribbean people) to be happy just because they are on holiday. This is a white persons stereotype of the Caribbean and so the tourists are labeled as having a baleful glair.

Asteroids Essay -- essays research papers

Asteroids In our solar system today there are over 30,000 asteroids flying around in all direction colliding with other asteroids and planets, without a care about the destruction they might convey. Our planet Earth is caught right in the middle of all of this action and is liable to entire extinction of any life forms on the planet if a large enough asteroid crosses its path. Any single asteroid has the possibility to erase thousands of years of history and wipeout the human race, as we know it. Asteroids are large or small chunks of rock and metal flying around space up to speeds of 80 000 km/h. These chunks were believed to have formed millions of years ago during the "big bang". These rocks didn’t form any planets and were stuck floating around space on their own or in the gravitation of the asteroid belt. This asteroid belt is approximately 300 million miles from the Sun and it contains thousands of asteroids; some being miles in diameter. Another theory of the formation of asteroids is that a planet between Mars and Jupiter once existed and after many years it exploded into thousands of pieces that are still revolving around the sun in the form of an asteroid belt. Other asteroids are formed when large meteors collide with large asteroids creating more small ones. These meteors can also collide with planets breaking off chunks of the crust into space. Ceres is believed to be the biggest asteroid that was in space at one point in time. Ceres was believed to be 600 miles wide, making up 1/3 of the total mass of all asteroids. Ceres was the first asteroid discovered and was found in 1801. There are two main types of asteroids; the first dominates the outer part of the belt and are found to be rich in carbon, the second group are located in the inside of the belt and are found to be rich in minerals. The average temperature of the surface of an asteroid is approximately -73 degrees C. Many people don’t know that over 50,000 small asteroids called meteors hit the Earth every year. These meteors are the outside layer of larger asteroids that have been chipped off or are the surface of other planets that have detached from their positions when hit with larger asteroids. Asteroids sometimes align with Earth when meteors flying through space collide with other asteroids in the belt causing pieces to break off and head in all directions. ... ... wide and found within 8 million kilometers of Earth. It is very probable that a large asteroid will hit the Earth in the future because of the planet’s past experience with asteroid collisions. Scientists estimate that an asteroid more than 800 m in diameter hits the Earth every million years and a smaller one hits every century. An asteroid bigger than 1 km would mean the end of about 30% of the World’s population. This size of an asteroid would be the equivalent explosion to 2 million Hiroshima bombs. This explosion would cause destruction of all living creatures within a hundred mile radius as well as blocking off the Sun with dust and rock particles for weeks or even months. Asteroids are probably the deadliest force that our solar system can produce, one strike could put man back in the dark ages and would kill almost the entire population of our planet. It is for this reason that scientists should focus more on understanding asteroids and research more into the defense of our planet. At the moment we only know where a fraction of the asteroids out there are. The asteroid that could destroy our planet could only be a year away and we don’t even know it exists.

Essay --

1. On April 22, 2013 a jury trial was planned for commence as the result of Timelines, Inc. suing Facebook, Inc. for trademark infringement. Timelines, Inc. filed with the courts after noticing that Facebook, Inc. added the new â€Å"Timeline† feature to its member profiles. Facebook motioned for a summary judgment, but the U.S. District Court for Northern District of Illinois turned down Facebook’s motion for a summary judgment. The reason they denied this motion is because Facebook failed to prove that the word â€Å"timeline† was of fair use, and that the term â€Å"timelines† was just a generic term. A party that moves for a summary judgment is trying to save the time and expense of a full trial when the outcome is usually obvious. Since Timelines, Inc. has a registered trademark of the â€Å"timelines† phrase; the court affirmed that they were entitled to a presumption of validity. If I were a member of the jury, I would rule in favor of Timelines, Inc. because Facebook went against the trademark laws, and was not able to prove that the phrase â€Å"timeline† was of fair use. Fair use can be proved only if the defense can prove that such use was for a purpose other than that normally made of a trademark. The party that is being charged with trademark infringement may defeat proceedings ONLY if it can prove a valid exception of fair use. If companies did not trademark their mark, multiple companies would use similar marks causing consumer confusion about the origin of the defendant’s goods/services. As much as I love Facebook, I feel as though they took someone else’s creation, and used their power to make the concept legendary. Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attached to a trademark without the authorization of the tra... ... the duplication of the copyrighted work must be outside the exceptions. The combination, the lyrics and associated melodies, intonations, and usage are too similar to the original. This violates the copyright trademark laws, and it is protectable material. The puzzle pieces match knowing that the composer’s advisors, John and Charles, listened to her song in 2008, critiqued it, and told her it was best as a duet. Copyright infringement is the act of violating any of a copyright owner’s exclusive rights that were granted by the Federal Copyright Act. The only exceptions to the copyright law are fair use, face-to-face instruction, and virtual instruction. These exceptions allow someone to use work without permission from the copyright holder, and potentially paying fees. If Bowen wins the case, she could potentially receive the actual dollar amount of the profits. Essay -- 1. On April 22, 2013 a jury trial was planned for commence as the result of Timelines, Inc. suing Facebook, Inc. for trademark infringement. Timelines, Inc. filed with the courts after noticing that Facebook, Inc. added the new â€Å"Timeline† feature to its member profiles. Facebook motioned for a summary judgment, but the U.S. District Court for Northern District of Illinois turned down Facebook’s motion for a summary judgment. The reason they denied this motion is because Facebook failed to prove that the word â€Å"timeline† was of fair use, and that the term â€Å"timelines† was just a generic term. A party that moves for a summary judgment is trying to save the time and expense of a full trial when the outcome is usually obvious. Since Timelines, Inc. has a registered trademark of the â€Å"timelines† phrase; the court affirmed that they were entitled to a presumption of validity. If I were a member of the jury, I would rule in favor of Timelines, Inc. because Facebook went against the trademark laws, and was not able to prove that the phrase â€Å"timeline† was of fair use. Fair use can be proved only if the defense can prove that such use was for a purpose other than that normally made of a trademark. The party that is being charged with trademark infringement may defeat proceedings ONLY if it can prove a valid exception of fair use. If companies did not trademark their mark, multiple companies would use similar marks causing consumer confusion about the origin of the defendant’s goods/services. As much as I love Facebook, I feel as though they took someone else’s creation, and used their power to make the concept legendary. Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attached to a trademark without the authorization of the tra... ... the duplication of the copyrighted work must be outside the exceptions. The combination, the lyrics and associated melodies, intonations, and usage are too similar to the original. This violates the copyright trademark laws, and it is protectable material. The puzzle pieces match knowing that the composer’s advisors, John and Charles, listened to her song in 2008, critiqued it, and told her it was best as a duet. Copyright infringement is the act of violating any of a copyright owner’s exclusive rights that were granted by the Federal Copyright Act. The only exceptions to the copyright law are fair use, face-to-face instruction, and virtual instruction. These exceptions allow someone to use work without permission from the copyright holder, and potentially paying fees. If Bowen wins the case, she could potentially receive the actual dollar amount of the profits.

Henry V Shakespeare Essay

In Henry V Shakespeare has used language to communicate the setting and the mood. I will also be contrasting between the scenes and characters. I will be doing this by looking at Act 3, Act 4 and using Act 2 Scene 1 and Act 1 Scene 2 to compare scenes and characters. Shakespeare used language in Henry V to communicate the setting. In ‘Act 3,’ the chorus tells the reader that the English army are sailing to France. The main role of the chorus was to explain things to the audience that could not be acted out on stage, to tell the audience that time has passed and to summarise parts of the play. The chorus also tells the reader or audience that once they reach France they begin to besiege the town of Harfleur. The reason why the chorus tells the reader or audience this is because this scene cannot be acted out on stage but Shakespeare uses language to get the audience to picture the ships crossing and the siege. In Shakespearian time it was necessary to have a chorus in this play because the chorus gets the audience to picture the ships crossing and the siege by telling the audience to use their imaginations. This is due to the fact that this scene cannot be acted out on stage and limited resources because in Shakespearian times there weren’t any effects they just had a stage and a few props. ‘Thus with imagin’d wing our swift scene flies,’ this sentence is telling the reader to use his or her imagination to imagine the setting and locality of this act. The chorus appeals to two senses. These two senses help the reader to build a picture in our imaginations of what it was like to be at the siege. The two senses are the sense of sight and the sense of hearing. An example of the sense of sight is, ‘hempen tackle ship-boys climbing,’ this creates an image in our heads of boys climbing. An example of the sense of hearing is, ‘hear the shrill whistle,’ this creates a sound in our heads of a sharp, high-pitched whistle. Shakespeare cleverly uses both senses in the same phrase. This is a more effective way of using language to communicate the setting because it creates a picture in our heads as well as creates sounds to the picture, ‘To sounds confus’d,’ this tells the reader that there are confusing sounds and where there are confusing sounds there are people which gives the emphasis that there are a lot of things going on and that there is a lot of mayhem. This gives the reader the picture in our heads that there are people running around. Another example is, ‘Behold the threaden sails Borne with the invisible and creeping wind’; in this phrase you can hear the creeping wind against the sails and you can visualize the sails moving. The effect of these senses is to help our imaginations paint a picture and it also helps the reader to understand what it was like to be in certain people’s shoes at the time of the crossing and the siege. If the reader were a ‘hempen tackle ship-boy’ then he or she would be ‘climbing,’ and if the reader was on the ship he or she will be hearing confused sounds. Now I am going to explain how language in Henry V is used to communicate the mood. In ‘Act 4’ the chorus describes to the reader the scene of the English camp the night before the battle of Agincourt. Shakespeare uses language to get the audience to feel the mood of the battlefield. Sound, words that emphasise ugliness, supernatural images and words that tell the reader that time is passing slowly are all ways to get the audience to feel the mood of the battlefield. ‘Creeping murmur,’ ‘hum of either army stilly sounds’ and ‘secret whispers,’ tells the reader about the sound of the camp and makes the reader feel slightly threatened and uneasy because it gives the feeling of impending danger. ‘Cripple tardy-gaited,’ ‘foul and ugly witch’ and ‘horrid ghosts,’ are words that emphasise ugliness. Those words make the reader not want to go there and they tell him or her that the place is disgusting, revolting and that it is an unpleasant place to be. ‘Ghosts’ and ‘witches’ are supernatural images. These images may make the reader feel scared and make him or her feel the same as the people in the camp. There are words and phrases that tell the reader time is passing slowly. These words and phrases are, ‘creeping,’ ‘cocks do crow, the clocks do toll,’ ‘ third hour of drowsy morning name,’ and ‘piercing. ‘ The effect that these words have on this scene is that it seems that this scene is time dragging. The reason why I say this is because the armies want the battle to be over but they also don’t want the battle to come. It is a bit like exams, because everyone doesn’t want the exam to come but when the exam comes they want to finish the exam and get it over and done with. Words which tells the reader about the sounds about the camp, words which emphasise ugliness, supernatural images and words they tell the reader time is passing slowly creates a weird and spooky mood in this scene. It is important that this kind of mood is created so that the reader can feel what it is like to be in the camp.

Marilyn Monroe Biography

What began as a brunette beauty by the name of Norma Jeane Baker born in LA, California, soon transformed into the blondest, biggest sex symbol Hollywood has yet to cross paths with. Marilyn Monroe belonged to the public from the moment she stepped onto the screen and the voluptuous, 50’s goddess knew it. In combination with Monroe’s fascinating personal life and alluring pout and sensuality, the bombshell left an ever-staying impact on Hollywood, still yet to be outshined by any sex icons to come. Baptized Norma Jeane Baker, the soon to be starlet, spent most of her childhood migrating through foster homes after her mother, Gladys Baker, was instituted and her father’s identity remained unidentified. This was up until Norma Jeane was taken under the care of a family friend, Grace McKee Goddard. Unfortunately, after Mr. Goddard was transferred to the east coast, the family could not afford to travel 16-year-old Norma Jeane along with them. When faced with choice to return to the orphanage or get married, Norma married her 21-year-old neighbor Jimmy Dougherty. They were wed in 1942 after dating for six months prior. It was smooth sailing until 1944 when he was transferred to the South Pacific with the marines. During his absence, Norma Jeane took a job on the assembly line at Radio Planes Munitions factory where she was discovered by photographer David Conover. Conover came across the â€Å"photographer’s dream† as put by David, while taking pictures of women contributing to the war effort for Yank magazine. Conover began her career by sending her modeling jobs and within two years she was a reputable model with plenty of covers to her credit. In 1946, Norma Jean divorced her husband Jimmy and signed with Twentieth Century Fox. It was at this point that she officially transformed into the blonde Hollywood babe known as Marilyn Monroe. Two marriages later, one to baseball player Joe DiMaggio and the third and final to playwright Arthur Miller, Marilyn Monroe was found dead in her Brentwood, California home on August 5, 1962. Although only age 36 when she died, Marilyn Monroe was a global sensation in her lifetime and will always remain that way. Over Marilyn Monroe’s career span, the icon was nominated and won ountless awards. Among these, Monroe won the Golden Plate at the David di Donatello Awards for her acting in The Prince and the Showgirl, two Henrietta Awards for World Film Favorite-Female and a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture –Musical/Comedy for Some Like it Hot. She also won Most Popular Female Star and a special award at the Photoplay Awards and received a motion picture star on the Hollywood Wa lk of Fame. Along with these prestigious awards were her many, many nominations which she always came close in. Marilyn began her acting career with 1947’s The Shocking Miss Pilgrim but it was her performance in the 1953’s Niagara that grabbed the public’s eye. She was also one of the most photographed people in the world and has been recaptured in numerous paintings. Many of the best in visual art has had a shot at Marilyn Monroe. Even after her death, the bleach blonde has been subject to some 600 books, newspaper and magazine articles, musicals, a ballet, plays, an opera and a famous Elton John/Bernie Taupin song. All of this proves the impact of Marilyn Monroe and just how much the public still loves her. None can deny the influence Marilyn Monroe had on Hollywood and the public alike. Marilyn Monroe’s influence in Hollywood and on the public can be seen everywhere. During her lifetime it was exemplified through her numerous box-office successes and massive publicity. Monroe did much to make her influence everlasting while the provocative super starlet still graced the world with her presence. She notoriously negotiated a tough contract with her studio involving her artistic rights and was the first woman to set up her own production company. There was clearly more to Ms. Monroe than her seductive pout. Marilyn launched her close friend, Ella Fitzgerald’s career when she made a deal with the owners of a popular club that refused Ella the opportunity to perform due to her race. Monroe told the owners that if they were to let Ella perform, Marilyn herself would be at every performance. Marilyn broke down the norms for typical actresses and women in general within society. â€Å"Marilyn was one of the first women to be overly sexual and play sweet, naive and innocent characters at the same time. as put by Time Magazine. This was only one barrier Monroe’s influence knocked down. She was a widely accepted and adored sex symbol, making the 1950’s society more permissive of sex. This also contributed to the sexual freedom women have today. The Edmonton Journal in Canada wrote about the popular face piercing titled â€Å"The Monroe† after the world famous sex symbol. As written in the journal, â€Å"It’s a testament to Marilyn Monroe’s enduring coolness that the piercing is named about her, because her real mole was on her left cheek. Part of the reason why Monroe’s influence is so strong is due to the manner that she came and left. After almost every actress prior to the 50’s being brunette and vampy or blonde and entirely lackluster and innocent, Marilyn was a breath of fresh air on the cinema screen. On the other hand, her departure seemed to showcase â€Å"the wonder and tragedy of Hollywood and the entertainment business. †(Glatzer,33). By dying at such a young age, Marilyn Monroe became a legend, ergo her gripping influence. It can be understood that the individuals who are remembered and beloved are â€Å"the tragic heroes and heroines who loose their lives in Hollywood. †(Glatzer,33). Among these are Kurt Cobain, Elvis Presley, James Dean and of course Marilyn Monroe. â€Å"They didn’t have the opportunity to bow out gracefully, they were ripped from our midst and society mourns them all the more. †(Glatzer,35). Marilyn Monroe was undoubtedly the most famous and iconic actress of her generation. Many voluptuous blondes attempted to reinvent Monroe after her death but none had the right alchemy of â€Å"va-va-voom† and virtue. In a recent survey, Marilyn Monroe was ranked seventh in â€Å"The Highest Paid Dead Celebrities† and was the only woman in the top thirteen. In combination with Monroe’s fascinating personal life and alluring sensuality, the bombshell left an ever-staying impact on Hollywood, still yet to be outshined by any sex icons to come. Marilyn Monroe will never be forgotten, whether it’s her scandalous life or her incredible impact, we all just can’t seem to get that enticing pout out of our minds.