The Development of New Testament Canon

Depict the advancement of New Testament Canon in timeframe considered (35 imprints) The New Testament Canon is portrayed by Princeton Online Dictionary as, â€Å"a assortment of books acknowledged as Holy Scripture †the books of the Bible perceived by any Christian church as certified and propelled. † Basically the Canon is a determination of books utilized by the Church for open love and furthermore the books which the Church recognize as enlivened sacred text regulating for confidence and practice.The term (the Greek ‘kanon’ implies ‘reed’, which proceeded to mean ‘measuring rod’ and afterward at long last the rundown written in the section) was begat by Christians, however the thought is found in Jewish sources †Rabbinic Judaism perceives the twenty-four books of the Masoretic Text, generally called the Hebrew Bible. Proof proposes that the procedure of canonization happened between 200 BC and AD 50, while the arrangement of the Christian Canon was not until the first and second hundreds of years. These authoritative books have been created through discussion and understanding by the strict specialists of their separate faiths.During the first and second hundreds of years, there was not a Canon of Scripture set down as it is today; initially the data was passed by oral convention, until they were recorded as it became more clear that onlookers would all develop old and pass away. Right off the bat, it was the four Synoptic Gospels, and afterward around 85 AD, Paul’s letters were gathered. Anyway at this phase there was no feeling of a Canon of Scripture, which is a shut rundown (which is books that can't be included or removed).Marcion of Sinope was the principal notable blasphemer throughout the entire existence of the early church, and he was the main Christian pioneer in written history to propose and outline a standard (around 140 AD) which included 10 epistles from St. Paul just as parts of the Gospel of Luke which today is known as the Gospel of Marcion †he broadly assaulted the Gospel of Luke with a penknife, and left just the parts he concurred with. This isolating of the books was seen as a sin, thus the congregation felt they needed to sort out the books in the correct manner to guard Christianity.In the first and second century, the early church acknowledged the Hebrew standard of Scripture as legitimate, and this was an effect on the arrangement of the New Testament group. The congregation felt that since they routinely read the Old Testament inside love, they expected to make a connect to the lessons of Jesus and the Apostles. Without a doubt these were sufficiently legitimate to be incorporated? In fact, the instructing of Jesus was regarded as much as the Old Testament, the Apostles works as well, particularly after their demise. Bit by bit, the term ‘Scriptures’ was utilized to bunch these books together.In 153 AD, Justin Martyr affirmed th at the Gospels were perused in the administrations in Rome, alongside the Old Testament prophets, â€Å"†¦ the journals of the Apostles or the compositions of the prophets are perused, insofar as time permits†¦ †. The principle standard to be remembered for the group was apostolicity, and to pick up this the books must be composed by or ‘sponsored’ by an Apostle, contain Christ-respecting content good with oral convention and contain profoundly productive utilization of the books inside the congregation from the Apostolic age onwards.Firstly, Paul’s letters were united toward the finish of the main century, and afterward the four concise accounts were included fifty years after the fact. Anyway John’s gospel took more time to be acknowledged, especially by the Gnostics and afterward the Montanists. Papias, the Bishop of Hierapolis in 130 AD, saw the Apostolic qualifications of the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, and close to the furthest limi t of the subsequent century, Irenaeus discussed the missional roots of each of the four when he stated, â€Å"Matthew distributed his gospel among the Hebrews in their own tongue†¦Mark, the follower and translator of Peter, himself passed on to us recorded as a hard copy the substance of Peter’s lecturing. Luke, the devotee of Paul, set down in a book the gospel lectured by his educator. At that point John, the devotee of the Lord, who likewise inclined toward his bosom, himself delivered his gospel†. In 200 AD, a group list from this period was made and is presently known as the Muratorian ordinance. It incorporates all the books acknowledged as Scripture by the Church at Rome, which incorporates the accounts, Acts, thirteen of Paul’s epistles, first and second John, Jude and Revelation.Wright says, â€Å"Hebrews is missing out and out which is astounding since it was utilized by Clement of Rome a century sooner. † However he clarifies how it was no t acknowledged in the West, presumably because of questions about who composed it were delivered by Montanist use. At this period, it was commonly acknowledged that all New Testament books were incorporated, with the exception of James, second Peter, second and third John, Jude, Hebrews and Revelation (which was just halfway prohibited, as its missional causes were questioned).Within the third and fourth century, the situation of the standard was fortified. Missional Fathers, for example, Tertullian, Clement and Origen all utilized the New Testament sacred writings normally in doctrinal conversation, and frequently remarked on the books themselves. Eusebius discloses to us that the main books despite everything contested toward the start of the fourth century were James, second Peter, second and third John and Jude. â€Å"†¦ we should set in any case the Holy quaternoin of the Gospels; which are trailed by the book the Acts of the Apostles.After this, we should figure the epis tles of Paul; following which we should articulate real the surviving structures epistle of John, and similarly the epistle of Peter. After these we should put, in the event that it truly appears to be correct, the Apocalypse of John†¦ there is the surviving the epistle of James, and that of Jude; and the second epistle of Peter; and the second and third of John†¦ † However not every person concurred with the New Testament Canon †in the late second century, there was the creation of a few ‘acts’ of the Apostles which were not recorded in Acts.Furthermore, various ‘gospels’ showed up which incorporated the adolescence of Jesus, or the life of Pilate. Anyway these were for the most part inventive and some started from periphery Christian groups’ thoughts, for example, Docetists. Anyway Irenaeus precluded the chance of there being multiple accounts by saying, â€Å"since†¦ there are four zones of the world in which we live, an d four head winds†¦ it is fitting that (she church) ought to have four columns, breathing incorruption on each side and vivifying men once more. These ‘gospels’ incorporated the accounts of Peter, Thomas and Matthias, and the Acts of Andrew and John. Eusebius said of the misleading works, â€Å"none of these has been considered deserving of any sort of notice in a treatise by a solitary individual from progressive ages of churchmen; and the character of the style is additionally far expelled from the missional way, and the idea and indicate of their substance is so completely out of the congruity with genuine universality as to set up the way that they are surely the phonies of heretics†¦ To finish up, it is anything but difficult to perceive how the New Testament Canon created over a time of four centuries. The ordinance list set out in detail in the Easter letter of Athanasius in 367 AD contains the 27 books to the rejection of all others, anyway certain bo oks, for example, Shepherd of Hermas and the Didache were allowed for private perusing. In this way, while there was a decent proportion of discussion in the Early Church over the New Testament ordinance, the significant compositions were acknowledged by practically all Christians by the center of the third century.

Hypocrisy: the attitude-behaviour discrepancy

Bad faith: the disposition conduct disparity There are perhaps no better instances of disposition conduct mysteries than those of British legislative issues: Diane Abbot, a Labor MP and devoted communist campaigner (who reprimanded Harriet Harman and Tony Blair for sending their youngsters to specific state schools), made debate when she sent her child to the private City of London School (Swift, 2003). Her activities didn't compare with her communicated perspectives; Diane was acting fraudulently. As a rule a demeanor is characterized as a general assessment of an article that depends on psychological, full of feeling and conduct data (Maio Haddock, 2010, p. 4). Such mentalities can identify with dynamic ideas, (for example, communism) or solid articles. A mentality is developed of three particular segments; decisions of a subjective, social and full of feeling nature (Breckler, 1984). Mentalities assume a critical job in human cognizance; especially in consideration (Holbrook, Berent, Krosnick, Visser, Boninger, 2005; Roskos-Ewoldsen Fazio, 1992), translation (Vallone, Ross, Lepper, 1985) and memory (Eagly, Chen, Chaiken, Shaw-Barnes, 1999). Mentalities impact data preparing and thusly control our abstract develop of the real world. With mentalities passing on such impact over insight we would anticipate that their belongings should be communicated behaviourally. Be that as it may, in spite of such psychological impacts, perspectives are not generally harmonious with conduct. An away from of this was shown by Richard LaPiere (1934): Whilst voyaging America with two Chinese people, in a period of elevated racial bias against Asians, LaPiere noticed each of the 251 foundations they visited. In spite of the present bias against Asians just 1 of 251 (0.004%) foundations denied assistance. Be that as it may, a half year later, when LaPiere sent polls to the foundations 91% of 128 respondents guaranteed they would not acknowledge Chinese supporters. The emblematic mentalities communicated in the survey didn't mirror the solid social activities. Such an unreasonable outcome provoked research around there; in an audit of 33 investigations Wicker (1969) saw the normal disposition conduct connections as .15 (once in a while surpassing .30, representing only 10% of change). Such a low connection drove Wicker to propose the dismissal of the disposition idea. However for specific practices a solid mentality conduct connection can be set up. For instance, Fazio and Williams (1986) found a solid connection (r(121) = .782) in anticipating people casting a ballot conduct. In a later audit, Sheeran and Taylor (1999) found a solid demeanor conduct connection (r+ = .45) comparable to condom utilization; far surpassing Wickers (1969) examination. Such irregularities delineate the various complex procedures that intervene the disposition conduct connect. In this manner, investigate went to clarifying under what conditions perspectives become activity. Singular Differences Our conduct is without a doubt the result of thought and our manners of thinking can vary marvelously from individual to individual (Cacioppo, Petty, Kao, Rodriguez, 1986). In this way, individual and social contrasts have been offered as a clarification to disposition conduct irregularities. Schwartz (1973) examined the job of self-duty on the intercession of the mentality conduct connect. The members were estimated for both their mentalities and how much they relegated obligation to themselves (to give bone marrow). Schwartz (1973) found those high in self-duty attribution acted undeniably more disposition reliably (r=.44) than those of low obligation (r=.01); a huge difference (p How much an individual self-screens has likewise been proposed as a demeanor conduct arbitrator (Snyder Tanke, 1976). Those high in self-checking are all the more behaviourally factor across circumstances, as they are progressively mindful of their normal character in a given social setting, so mentalities are regularly superseded by social standards. Low self-screens stay stable across circumstances, moderately unconscious of the social setting, acting in accordance with their mentalities. In a trial where members were mentioned to compose counter-attitudinal articles (Snyder Tanke, 1976); low self-screens were found to have high mentality conduct relationships (r(10) = +.65, p A further individual distinction in disposition conduct harmoniousness is subjective preparing; climate people take part in effortful issue-significant discernment or not (Cacioppo, Petty, Kao, Rodriguez, 1986). Cacioppo et al (1986), according to a presidential political decision, discovered high-comprehension people to have more grounded disposition conduct correspondence (r(40)=.86) than those of low-cognizance (r(41)=.41); such an examination was noteworthy (Z = 3.71, p Climate it is because of intellectual inclination, the level of self-checking or obligation credit singular contrasts in disposition conduct coinciding are clear. Singular inclination for mentality inaction can represent some variety, yet the circumstance itself can likewise give a predisposition. Circumstances Influence The intensity of the circumstance has been represented by numerous investigations (for instance: Asch, 1955; Milgram, 1963), it is in this way obvious that the circumstance can apply impact over demeanor conduct congruency. General society or private nature of a demeanor can impact obvious conduct. Open conduct, because of expanded remarkable quality of social standards, will include more regulating impact than private conduct. Froming, Walker and Lopyan (1982) researched the job of self demeanor remarkable quality (utilizing a mirror) or open notability (utilizing a crowd of people) on the disposition conduct interface. Members were chosen dependent on their negative perspectives on discipline and subject to an electrical stun instructor/student task (like that of Milgram, 1963). The experimenter controlled self notability against open remarkable quality while estimating what level of stun the educators directed to the students. Those in the mirror condition (disposition steady) stunned far not exactly the members in the evaluative crowd condition (mentality conflicting): t(23) = 3.64, p The truth of a disposition can impact conduct results; an inclination to act ridiculously in speculative circumstances (Brown, Ajzen, Hrubes, 2003). In an unexpected valuation situation Brown et al (2003) saw members as 48% bound to give $8 in a theoretical senario in contrast with a sensible circumstance; demonstrating that increasingly striking convictions are initiated by solid circumstances than by speculative circumstances. Aditionally, Ajzen, Brown, and Carvajal (2004) delineated that theoretical intension correspond all the more so (r(120) = .51) than genuine circumstances (r(120) = .39). Such an inclination could apply to communism (being a hypothetical develop) yet not to a childs instruction (a solid activity). The remarkable quality of perspectives and the striking nature of situational standards can impact demeanor conduct coinciding. In a legal dispute situation Snyder and Swann (1976) found that if perspectives were not made striking there was next to no correspondence (r(56) = .06 .07, ns), yet in the event that mentalities were made remarkable (with a short section of content featuring the significance of ones own view) mentalities did essentially relate with conduct, r(28) = .58, p The job of full of feeling (the feelings related with a disposition) and psychological (characteristics and convictions related with a mentality) control on conduct activity changes between circumstances. These two classifications can be initiated independently, by making a classification remarkable. Millar Tesser (1986) effectively controlled conduct by making full of feeling or intellectual controls remarkable; those made subjectively notable sanctioned progressively instrumental conduct, while those made emotionally striking ordered consumatory conduct, F(1,59) = 8.85, p Another emotive spark is that of personal stake. Personal stake basically implies that the outcome of a choice will actually influence a person. The in excess of an issue legitimately impacts an individual, the more intelligent preparing that will occur and the higher disposition conduct harmoniousness will be (Sivacek Crano, 1982). Sivacek and Crano (1982) broke down disposition conduct consistency corresponding to personal stake of a proposed liquor drinking age limit. Obviously, those generally influenced by the change were more disposition reliable (r(39) = .30) and those unaffected were generally conflicting (r(18) = .16). As the eventual fate of your kid is fairly dictated by training, guardians would almost certainly have critical personal stake in this choice. Accordingly, conduct ought to be disposition steady. The impacts of the circumstance are tremendous; be it through the idea of the circumstance (its exposure, reality, potential effects or emotionality) or the striking nature of mentalities initiated, it without a doubt assumes a job in intervening demeanor conduct correspondence. Displaying disposition conduct coinciding With the numerous components that impact disposition conduct coinciding a bound together model appears to be dubious. Be that as it may, Ajzens (1991) hypothesis of arranged conduct has discovered noteworthy observational help. The model spotlights on the conduct expectation as a go between mentalities, abstract standards and saw social control (see figure 1). The model cases a disposition is the collaboration between the people desire for a social result and its allure. The emotional standards segment alludes to the regularizing convictions about a given conduct, in collaboration with the inspiration (for example high/low self screens) to agree to these standards. The last part, saw social control, alludes to the people judgment of their own capacity to play out the conduct activity. Ajzen, Brown, Carvajal (2004) have indicated that goals connect unequivocally with conduct (r=.57), as do mentalities (r=.31), abstract standards (r=.27) and saw social control (r=.45

Happy New Year!

Happy New Year! Hello Internet! Its been a while. I last blogged on EA Decision Day, 12/17/2011. But I actually wrote that post on the 16th, because on the morning of the 17th, when it went live, I was on a plane to Denver with my dad and two brothers for a few days of skiing at Breckenridge. It was kinda nice: In fact you may have seen this movie starring us. NBD brah. After returning from Colorado I went back up to New Hampshire to spend the holidays with my family. As Ive posted before, I come from a small town in the woods, a place where people generally agree that almost anything can be improved if it is shot out of a cannon and/or set on fire. Ma! Pa! Big news from the big city! This year, my uncle, who hosts our annual New Years Eve party, and is known by local fire rangers for his 512 cubic foot brush pile blaze: decided he wanted a little something extra. See, last year I had brought the potato cannon a few friends of mine and I had made back in college. It was made out of schedule 40 PVC and would shoot a potato roughly an eighth of a mile with an extremely satisfying report: This year, my uncle Ken wanted to bring back the cannon, but with a firing range. In order to do that, though, we needed a safer, more accurate cannon, which could be handled by just about anyone, and which could reliably fire with a known and controlled rate of speed. But I didnt know how to make these, as my education in engineering potato cannons never progressed beyond the wildly unsafe and generally illegal combustion variety. Enter Jack Queeney. Jack is an MIT freshman. Hes one of my academic advisees this year, and he builds potato cannons. Extremely epic potato cannons. I told Jack about our plan, and he sent some helpful tips and schematics to my uncle and I. The key tip was to build a compressed air potato cannon, so that we could precisely control the pressure to make sure it stayed within a safe range and ejected the potatoes at a safe speed. Ken worked with glee over the coming weeks to assemble the cannon, test it for safety and reliability, and scavenge the town dump (the social center of some New Hampshire towns) for stuff for the firing range And so came New Years Eve night, New Hampshire style: A snack bar, made out of wooden construction pallets, old window trim, surplus lumber, and Christmas lights A projector with the Bruins game. An enormous bonfire (those logs in there are actually trees, and Im standing a good way back).   And of course, the main event: Heres my dad taking the first shot, with a rundown of the safety features and design performed by Kens friend Chris: When the world ends and the zombies come as the Mayans foretold, Im heading straigth to Kens. Somehow I think hell be just fine. And Ill have a place to watch the (zombie) Bruins. I hope you all had a similarly excellent holiday season. Im going to head home and finish unpacking. By the end of the week Ill be reading the first round of Regular Action apps. I cant wait! Happy New Year yall Happy New Year! Happy new year everyone! Im hanging out at my sister and brother-in-laws new house, enjoying the snow and festivities. (By the way, for those who always seem surprised when they find out, Michigan is on the EASTERN time zone! :) ) Ive made my new years resolution to try and work out more this year whats your new years resolution? Best wishes for a safe and happy new year! Happy New Year! Happy New Year! It’s hard to believe that it’s already 2007. 2006 was the year of YouTube, iPods, gas for $3.50 a gallon, record-high temperature, Wiis and PS3s, the World Cup, penguins and pandas, eight planets, and changes of power on Capitol Hill. At MIT, we learned more about black holes, established the new MIT-Madrid study abroad program, learned more about the brain, designed better wheelchairs, created molecular libraries to understand cancer and disease, studied addiction, made plans for a new graduate dorm, pioneered a center for synthetic biology, designed fuel-efficient cars of the future, observed subatomic particles, won Nobel prizes, proposed changes to the undergraduate curriculum, began large scale genetic sequencing, and more! Check out http://web.mit.edu/spotlight/lookback-2006/ for a look back at the spotlights. So what’s in store for 2007? Any predictions? Any hopes? Comment away! Happy New Year! Hellooo I’ve been home for winter break for almost two weeks, basking entirely in food and sleep. A few days after I got home, the “Snowpocalypse of (dec.) 2010 hit. New Jersey was smack dab in the middle of it. Where I live, we got 2 feet of snow overnight. The blizzard crippled transportation in the Northeast for a good few days And I was pretty much snowed-in Butbutbut a few days later, sledding! Pulling that sled up the hill many times has literally been the only exercise I’ve had this break. That’s okay lot’s of physical activity planned forIAP; stay tuned. ANYWAYS, Good luck to those finishing regular decision apps! And Happy New Year! c:

Essay about Indigenous Health - 1500 Words

â€Å"The status of Indigenous health in contemporary Australia is a result of historic factors as well as contemporary socio-economic issues† (Hampton Toombs, 2013, p. 1). The poor health position of Indigenous Australians is a contemporary reflection of their historical treatment as Australia’s traditional owners. This treatment has led to Indigenous Australians experiencing social disadvantages, significantly low socio-economic status, dispossession, poverty and powerlessness as a direct result of the institutionalised racism inherent in contemporary Australian society. Indigenous populations have been the carers and custodians of Australia and the Torres Strait for a period in excess of 60,000 years before being†¦show more content†¦The National Inquiry into the separation of the children concluded that between one-in-three and one-in-ten Indigenous children were forcibly removed from their families and communities in the period from approximately 1910 until 1970 (Wilkie, 1997). It was the 1960s, at the earliest, when the various protection Acts were either abolished or discontinued. In the early 1890’s, protectionism gave way to state and commonwealth government regimes of segregation. In the development of the constitution, politicians included sections specifically excluding Indigenous Australians, such as the white Australia policy, ensuring that racism became entrenched in the new nation’s future. Reserves and missions were set up far from white settlements, to exclude and control Indigenous Australians, especially those of mixed descent (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). By the 1950’s all state governments invoked a new policy called assimilation (1950’s – 1960’s), which aimed to eliminate Indigenous cultures, religion and languages. Assimilation was based on the belief that if living conditions were improved, Indigenous Australians were to be absorbed into White Australian society (Hampton Toombs, Racism, colonisation/colonialism and impacts on indigenous people, 2013). After the failure of the assimilation policy, governments aimed their sights towards Integration (1960’s - 1980’s). Integration was a step towardsShow MoreRelatedHealth Of Indigenous And Non Indigenous Australians Essay2053 Words   |  9 Pagesjustice breakfast for 2016, my name is Annabel Miskell and I will be speaking with you about the impact health has had in the reconciliation process between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians. Indigenous peoples have occupied Australia for more than 60, 000 years, so why are they among the most disadvantaged in our health system? The right to a ‘standard of living adequate for †¦ health and wellbeing’ was established as a basic human right in Article 25.1 of the 1948 Universal DeclarationRead MoreIndigenous Health1510 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Indigenous health is a vital tool in health care today. The case study is about an indigenous lady who is from a remote community. This case study will define culture shock, transcultural theory. Finally it will states the recommendations that can be acquired to improve the current indigenous health care issue as it can be noted that the indigenous health tends has been deteoriating. Culture shock Culture is all about an individual knowledge basedRead MoreEssay on Indigenous Health Care1568 Words   |  7 Pagesdispossession had on indigenous communities. It will define health, comparing the difference between indigenous and non- indigenous health. It will point out the benefits and criticism of the Biomedical and sociological models of health, and state why it is important in healthcare to be culturally competent with Transcultural theory. The case study of Rodney will be analyzed to distinguish which models of health were applied to Rodney’s care, and if transcultural theory was present when health care workersRead MoreIndigenous Australian Mental Health929 Words   |  4 PagesMR Hon Peter Dutton MP Minister for Health Australian Government Department of Health Sirius Building, Furzer Street, Woden Town Centre Canberra ACT 2601, Australia Dear Mr Dutton: Thank you for taking time to read my letter. As a nursing student of University of Technology Sydney, I studied contemporary indigenous subject this semester. In this letter I want to illustrate 3 main social determinants of health that impact indigenous Australian health which I found and analysed during myRead More Health Issues of Indigenous Australians2337 Words   |  10 PagesAs health professionals, we must look beyond individual attributes of Indigenous Australians to gain a greater understanding and a possible explanation of why there are such high rates of ill health issues such as alcoholism, depression, abuse, shorter life expectancy and higher prevalence of diseases including diabetes, heart disease and obesity in our indigenous population. Looking at just the individual aspects and the biomedical health model, we don’t get the context of Aboriginal health. 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Indigenous women have experiencedRead MoreIndigenous Australians Had A Better Health924 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction (216 words) Indigenous Australians had a better health, in 1788 with the British arrival diseases like venereal syphilis, scarlet fever, measles, tuberculosis, Influenza, gonorrhoea and small pox, (Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, 2015) all the above diseases were introduced in to the wider communities of Indigenous Australians. Because of these many lives have been lost. Current health status of Indigenous Australians depend on many different factors â€Å"income education, incarceration

Plastic Surgery Why Is so Popular Essay - 1307 Words

Plastic surgery is medical process through which people can make their physical aspect look better. There are two major kinds of plastic surgeries: cosmetic and reconstructive. People are and have always concern about their body image and the perspective that other could have about it. Therefore, people are always looking for the solution, which most of the time end up being the plastic surgery. Where these procedures originated? Moreover, how do we get to the actual point of plastic surgery? Clearly, technology and advances are very crucial for the processes of plastic surgery. Nowadays women have more tendencies to practice plastic surgeries compared to men. Now, this phenomenon is reaching the youngest ages. Perhaps, it is important to†¦show more content†¦There are many categories in both cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries, from which some of these are more popular than others. Particularly the cosmetic surgeries, are divided in groups which are the following: First, the Facial Balance group which is compose by chin surgery, ear surgery, facial implants, and nose surgery. Then there is the Facial Rejuvenation surgeries such as, brow lift, eyelid surgery, and facelift surgery. There is also the Fat Reduction category, which is composed basically by liposuction procedures; sometimes supported by an ultrasound system. Finally, there is the Breast category, which consists of breast augmentation, breast reduction, and breast lift surgeries . Both man and women can perform most of these surgeries. On the other hand the reconstructive surgeries are only qualified as one category because these are based mainly on repositioning the body functions. As the same as the cosmetic surgeries there are a lot kinds of reconstructive surgeries, but the most common ones are; Blepharoplasty (reshape the appearance of the lower and upper eyelids), Ptotic Breast (consist in the reshape of one side of the breast), Mastopexy, Burn Contracture, Clef Lip And Palate (the reconstructing of the soft pallet and the upper lip), Congenital Hand, Craniosynostosis (the reshape of the cranial structure), Lump In The Neck (is a tumor located on the neck) and Complex Wounds. ToShow MoreRelatedBeauty Is Not Pain?1704 Words   |  7 Pagesin all shapes and sizes, but why is it that some choose to change that with cosmetic and plastic surgery? What would motivate someone to go through hours of pain just for a new body? With the appearance of more â€Å"perfect† looking celebrities in the media, the self-esteem of many women spiral down, especially in Asia. Beauty standards in South Korea are now being define by many K-Pop idols. â€Å"In Seoul, 1 of every 5 women ages 19 to 49 has had some type of plastic surgery, according to a 2009 survey byRead MoreTeen Cosmetic Surgery is Ugly1059 Words   |  5 Pagessuch a young age, conformity is not the right decision. Why is it so hard for teens to accept who they are? Why do the feel the need to look and be something or someone there not? What happens when it gets out of control? Is it more than the desire to follow a trend? Answers to these questions are not easily found due to all of the celebrity hype. In the famous Disney movie, High School Musical there is a perfect example. With popular, beautiful girls chasing after handsome young men, it seemedRead MorePlastic Surgery Becomes More Popular953 Words   |  4 PagesAs time progresses, plastic surgery becomes more popular. Plastic surgery isn’t just what’s seen on TV and on social media; plastic surgery is much more than facelifts, rhinoplasty, and breast enhancements. In fact, â€Å"plastic surgery is anything that undergoes the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body.† (Reconstructive Surgery) The facelift Kris Jenner recently just had done is equally considered plastic surgery as an ordinary person getting an extra finger removed. These are bothRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society959 Words   |  4 PagesOver time, plastic surgery has become a lot more popular. Plastic surgery isn’t just what’s seen on TV and on social media; plastic surgery is much more than facelifts, rhinoplasty, and breast enhancements. In fact, â€Å"plastic surgery is anything that undergoes the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body.† (Reconstructive Surgery) The facelift Kris Jenner recently had done is equally considered plastic surgery as an everyday person removing an extra finger they were born with. TheseRead MoreCosmetic Surgery: A Risky and Costly Procedure1355 Words   |  6 PagesIf one is considering cosmetic surgery I suggest reconsidering. Research shows cosmetic surgery can be a risky and costly procedure. Society is pressuring people to look more attractive. Media shows actors to be flawless and the public feels that one should be compared to these actors. Cosmetic surgery is becoming more popular is today’s culture. People are turning to cosmetic surgery for many reasons, some of them are not healthy. Why do people go to such dangerous measures to look more attractiveRead MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society956 Words   |  4 PagesAs time progresses, plastic surgery becomes a lot popular. Plastic surgery isn’t just what’s seen on TV and on social media; plastic surgery is much more than facelifts, rhinoplasty, and breast enhancements. In fact, â€Å"plastic surgery is anything that undergoes the process of reconstructing or repairing parts of the body.† (Reconstructive Surgery) The facelift Kris Jenner recently just had done is equally considered plastic surgery as an ordinary person removing an extra finger they were born withRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Marriage Of Plastic Surgery And Social Media Essay960 Words   |  4 Pages Mills, D. C. (n.d.). The Marriage of Plastic Surgery and Social Media: A Relationship to Last a Lifetime. Retrieved April 09, 2016, from http://uh7qf6fd4h.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004ctx_en c=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.comrft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journalrft.genre=articlerft.atitle=The Marriage of Plastic Surgery and Social Media: A Relationship to Last a Lifetimerft.jtitle=Aesthetic Surgery Journalrft.au=Camp, Steven Mrft.au=MillsRead MorePlastic Surgery1364 Words   |  6 PagesPlastikos â€Å"Despite the popular misconception, the word ‘plastic’ in ‘plastic surgery’ does not mean ‘artificial,’ but is derived from the ancient Greek word ‘plastikos,’ which means to mold or give form† (Schnur and Hait). What was once used to help reconstruct the faces and bodies of wounded soldiers is now used to aesthetically create new faces and bodies around the world. The motive for surgery is changing. Statistics show that plastic surgery is becoming increasingly more popular among men, women,Read MorePlastic Surgery And Its Effects On Society1363 Words   |  6 PagesAs of recent plastic surgery has become extremely popular, so popular to the point that it has gotten out of control. Although it has been around for many years, the high standards of beauty in today’s society has recently led both women and men to resolve their so-called imperfections with plastic surgery, making plastic surgery the new norm. Sadly, in this day and age all you see when turning on the TV, flipping through a magazine, or simply going on social media, is models creating an ideal imageRead More Pros and Cons of Cosmetic Surgery Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesPros and Cons of Cosmetic Surgery Cosmetic Surgery is a great discovery that has been around for many centuries. â€Å"The history of plastic surgery origins in the early 800 B.C. when surgeons in India restored noses to persons who had them taken off as a form of punishment.† (History of Cosmetic Surgery, 2008) Many people have used over the years cosmetic and reconstructive surgery to enhance their physical appearance weather it be for health problems associated with birth defect or problems that

Contract la w Free Essays

Businesses need to plan their affairs relying on the fact that contracts can be enforced In order to malting the web of Interdependent relationships. Contracts are a way of enforcing agreements. One needs to anticipate the future as In thinking what can go right and what can go wrong, cause It allows one to project into the future e. We will write a custom essay sample on Contract la w or any similar topic only for you Order Now G wanting things to work out a certain way in the future, and so a contract can be used to have people do things into the future or protect you from things that can go wrong in the future. It’s not Just a reactive thing but It gives one the possibility of planning Into the future. It has a wealth mastication function also since it is an exchange of goods and services to someone who values them the most such as one values the object In a store more than the money in ones pocket and the store values the money In ones pocket than the object they have in their store (objective and subjective approach egg when determining the value of something). This as such creates wealth in society by moving goods and services to those who value it more. One flaw however is transaction cost such as advertisement cost etc, so contracts do not come for free it takes time and effort. The biggest transaction cost in interact Is legal cost. Efficiency – certainty (structure) – needed for a proper contract. Is there and agreement? – Objective approach is taken, what would a neutral person think looking at the transaction. A Judge does not have to prove fault or negligence the only thing required in a contract case is one agreeing to do one thing in contract but fails to follow that agreement and as such one is entitled to sue the other in breach of contract. No need for fault or intentional wrongdoing. It all flows from agreement, not about fault, it is about agreement and breach of the said agreement. Is it legally enforceable? Some agreements are Just not enforced legally such as two friends making an agreement. Entitled to sue and get a remedy when another person to that contract fails to carry out their part. Contract is important due to the remedy that is given. Remedy – one remedy is being put back in the place you were before the contract was executed, another is where one is put in the expected position meaning the position one would be in had the contract been properly carried out usually wanted by the claimants, as it relates to the defendant one asks how much they have gained as in getting more money but the principle is that one should not gain from reaching a contract, another approach is the moral approach where it is immoral to breach a promise since a contract is where promises are made. Punitive (punishing for wrong performance) is usually non-existent however countries such as the USA suing for punitive damages is available. Contract law takes an expectation approach rather than a reliance approach. Hire someone agrees to pay a fee for their service, they spent some money advertising the event and selling the ticket, performer offered a better deal and so breach the contract by taking the other Job and as such they breached the contract for their original performance and so tickets needed to be refunded. As it relates to reliance approach one can claim money was waste don advertisement and service fee all of which are reliance loss however as it relates to expectation one looks at the money that they could have gained from the ticket selling whilst still taking into consideration the money paid for advertising and service and so one is claiming for the expectation loss for the ticket that could have been sold. Either they person performs what they promise or one is put in the position had he performed it properly. Expectation interest allows one to plan based on the contract. Reliance interest – expectation protect ones ability to rely on a contract. As it relates to reliance loss one has to prove that had he not made the contract with one he would have made the contract with the same benefit from another agreement. Reliance can be used also where the contract is formed in a unfair manner such as duress since one would not want to be put in the position had the contract been carried out one would want to be put in a position before the contract was made. How to cite Contract la w, Papers

The Crucible and Mccarthyism free essay sample

Two of the themes presented throughout The Crucible are Witchcraft and Personal Integrity. Miller sets up the parallel between The Crucible and McCarthy by presenting Salem to be a puritan society and a theocracy, which would make the devil and those communing with him enemies of the town. It follows that America, then, is a democracy, which Would make communism the modern devil and communists enemies Of America. Witchcraft is the most important theme in Arthur Millers The Crucible, for it is from the belief in witchcraft that the action of the story is fully displayed.Witchcraft in The Crucible can be interpreted as a parallel of the paranoia about communism that was prevalent during the 1 sass. Just as McCarthy considered everything that was UN-American to be communist, the Puritan society believed everything that didnt conform to their religion to be the work of the devil. Act 1 of The Crucible commences with Reverend Paris, praying and weeping over his daughter, Betty, who has taken sick. Paris is a grim, stern man suffering from paranoia. He believes that the members of his congregation have formed a faction and are trying to get rid of him. PARIS: Child.Sit you down. Now look you, child if you trafficked with spirits in the forest, must know it, for surely my enemies will, and theyll ruin me with it Abigail, do you understand that I have many enemies? ABIGAIL: I know it, uncle. PARIS: There is a faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit. Do you understand that? The quote shows Paris to be a paranoid individual, afraid of losing his reputation within the community. To save his reputation and his job, he confronts Abigail about the forbidden activities she participated in the previous night and whether she conjured spirits.He asks this because in the Puritan society witchcraft is not just a sin; it is a threat against their way of life and God. From the first act, it is prevalent that witchcraft is a major theme. When the unexplainable event of Bettys illness arises the people of Salem start to think it is witchcraft, and with this presumption it is unsurprising that the whole town falls into mass hysteria. It is not entirely clear to the audience at this stage whether Betty is feigning her illness or if she is genuinely sick, perhaps not from witchcraft itself but from the excitement of the events that she has participated in. It may have just been a asymptomatically induced illness brought on by the belief in witchcraft, but is never fully explained. From this the audience watches as the whole town is caught up in paranoia ND witchcraft hysteria is ensued. People start to suspect others and the citizens become increasingly concerned with the spread of Witchcraft and consequently increasingly scared and suspicious. Similar events occurred during the McCarthy era. Americas government and citizens had become increasingly concerned about the spread of communism due to the cold war. Joseph McCarthy, U.S Senator, took advantage of the mounting fear and started accusing government officials with the act of Subversion -? the act or an instance of overthrowing a legally constituted government. This led to the ever-accumulating threat of communism and the fear it held over people. This fear of communists was mainly psychological and brought on by the over-excitement of the public and McCarthy attempt to gain power in the government system. Rev. Paris can, to some extent, be a representation of Joseph McCarthy. Paprikas lust for power and fear of losing his position and reputation can relate to McCarthy own fear of not being re-elected.Like Rev. Paris and Judge Detonator, McCarthy accused potential deviants, prompted by rumors rather than logical evidence. In Salem, the judges record witnesses into implicating others, similar to the technique used in the sass. The other major theme in prevalent in The Crucible is Personal Integrity. Many of the accused were hung because they chose their personal integrity and their reputation over their lives and would not be able to live knowing they traded their morals for their faith in God. The Court believed this was a declaration of being guilty and many were hung on this basis.A real stand-out character that shows immense amounts of personal integrity is the character of John Proctor. Proctor is a good character, though he does eave a few flaws, which adds to Millers perception that no person can be wholly good and therefore neither wholly evil. He shows his true character at the end of act three when he is fighting with his conscience over whether to confess to witchcraft or to save his good name and his reputation. Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! Because lie and sign myself to lies! Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang!How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name It is his unwillingness to sign the confession that reflects his desire not o dishonor his fellow prisoners. He knows he would not be able to live with himself while other innocent people were hanged. More importantly, it illustrates his obsession with his good name and Reputation, which is tremendously important in Salem, because public and private moralities are the same. Early in the play, Proctors desire to preserve his good name keeps him from testifying against Abigail.Now, however, he has come to a true understanding of what a good reputation means and what course of action it necessitates. This defense of his name enables him to muster the courage to die, heroically, with his goodness intact. As with the Salem witch trials, suspected Commun ists were encouraged to confess and name other supporters during highly controversial investigations. With little supporting evidence, but with mass hysteria ensued and the scare factor of the time, it was not surprising that magistrates alike were convicting people on a whim.If you were part of the accused it was likely you would be ordered to court and if you didnt sign a confession and name other communists it was likely you would be convicted and blacklisted. Accusations were mainly directed at government officials and famous actors and artists. They were accused as hey were seen by the anti-communist extremists to be a threat to the government and the democracy lifestyle. There was usually little or no evidence to support someones guiltiness. This, however, did not stop anti- communist parties from ensuing severe investigations.Interrogating was a popular method of trialing a suspect with results sometimes ending in a confession, to save themselves. Moreover, with confessions from people it just made the public even more frightened and upset about the whole dispute. There were many however, who could see through McCarthy facade and did not comply with the H. IS A. C (House Un-American Activities Committee) investigations. Among those suspected was Arthur Miller, who had been accused of associating with communists.From his personal experience and disgust at the treatment of minority groups he Wrote The Crucible. Arthur Miller used a historical American event to parody the actions of McCarthy and the uproar he created. From Millers deliberate actions we get the impression that he has based the character of John Proctor off himself. Both Proctor and Miller refused to confess to their apparent wrongdoings and both stood up for what they believed in. Proctor refused to gin a false confession and Miller openly criticized the Government and McCarthy by producing The Crucible.They acted in these ways because they valued their personal integrity and morals over their reputations. Arthur Millers The Crucible is an extended metaphor representing the parallels between the Salem witch-hunts and accusations of communism during the McCarthy era. The Crucible takes two of the worst moments in American history and uses them to demonstrate the pressure on people from society to conform. The Crucible explores the themes of Witchcraft and Personal integrity and how these can affect a persons views and actions.

Abandoned People in Of Mice and Men Essay Example

Abandoned People in Of Mice and Men Essay Example Abandoned People in Of Mice and Men Essay Abandoned People in Of Mice and Men Essay Essay Topic: Of Mice and Men Steinbeck had already displayed a variation of the lonesome existence of the farmhands with the more common attitude towards George, Lennie, and Candy. In Chapter Four, this contrast becomes more pronounced. Crooks, Candy, and Lennie being the three mentally or physically disadvantaged â€Å"outcasts† on the farm discuss their dream of living a superior lifestyle. There seems to be a strong relation to socialism, which brings forward views of prejudice, freedom, and racism. Curley’s wife is reintroduced as well, leaving the four of them alone together. These characters are similar in the way they are secluded from society because of their impairment. Crooks is physically handicapped due to his skin color. Since he is not white he is looked upon as weak and inept. He does not have a proper bedroom and is stuck in a barn by himself every single day. To add to that, Candy is also physically handicapped. He is not able to do certain things because of his missing hand and does not feel needed on the farm. His dog was his only companion, but he loses him and has no one else to rely on. Curley’s wife is socially handicapped. She is perceived as a tramp because of her gender. There are not any other women for her to talk to, and that makes her seek attention. Last but not least, Lennie is mentally handicapped. He cannot think for himself and is unable to process basic concepts. To sum it up, all of them have some sort of handicap, whether it be mentally, physically, or socially. Although they are undeniably similar, they are also exceedingly different. For instance, Crooks is the only character who is left out on a daily basis. He cannot go anywhere without harsh words being thrown at him or feeling hated completely. On the other hand, Lennie is mocked simply because of his mental illness. At least he has someone to look after him, which is George. He can go places, but people feel the need to make their own entertainment from pushing hi

Theories of Ideology in Sociology

Theories of Ideology in Sociology Ideology is the lens through which a person views the world. Within the field of sociology, ideology is broadly understood to refer to the sum total of a persons values, beliefs, assumptions, and expectations. Ideology exists within society, within groups, and between people. It shapes our thoughts, actions, and interactions, along with what happens in society at large. Ideology is a fundamental concept in sociology. Sociologists study it because it plays such a powerful role in shaping how society is organized and how it functions. Ideology is directly related to the social structure, economic system of production, and political structure. It both emerges out of these things and shapes them. Ideology vs. Particular Ideologies Often, when people use the word ideology they are referring to a particular ideology rather than the concept itself. For example, many people, especially in the media, refer to extremist views or actions as being inspired by a particular ideology (for example, radical Islamic ideology or white power ideology) or as ideological. Within sociology, much attention is paid to what is known as  the dominant ideology, or the particular ideology that is most common and  strongest in a given society. However, the concept of ideology itself is actually general in nature and not tied to one particular way of thinking. In this sense, sociologists define ideology as a persons worldview and recognize that there are various and competing ideologies operating in a society at any given time, some more dominant than others. Ultimately, ideology determines how we make sense of things. It provides an ordered view of the world, our place in it, and our relationship to others. As such, it is deeply important to the human experience, and typically something that  people cling to and defend, whether or not they are conscious of doing so. And, as ideology emerges out of the  social structure  and  social order, it is generally expressive of the social interests that are supported by both. Terry Eagleton, a British literary theorist, and intellectual explained it this way in his 1991 book  Ideology: An Introduction: Ideology is a system of concepts and views which serves to make sense of the world while obscuring the  social interests  that are expressed therein, and by its completeness and relative internal consistency tends to form a  closed  system and maintain itself in the face of contradictory or inconsistent experience. Marxs Theory of Ideology German philosopher Karl Marx  is considered the first to provide a theoretical framing of ideology within the context of sociology. Michael Nicholson  / Contributor  / Getty Images According to Marx, ideology emerges out of a societys mode of production. In his case and in that of the modern United States,  the economic mode of production is capitalism. Marxs approach to ideology was set forth in his theory of  base and superstructure. According to Marx, the superstructure of society, the realm of ideology, grows out of the base, the realm of production, to reflect the interests of the ruling class and justify the status quo that keeps them in power. Marx, then, focused his theory on the concept of a dominant ideology. However, he viewed the relationship between base and superstructure as dialectical in nature, meaning that each affects the other equally and that a change in one necessitates a change in the other. This belief formed the basis for Marxs theory of revolution. He believed that once workers  developed a class consciousness  and became aware of their exploited position relative to the powerful class of factory owners and financiers- in other words, when they experienced a fundamental shift in ideology- that they would then act on that ideology by organizing and demanding a change in the social, economic, and political structures of society. Gramscis Additions to Marxs Theory of Ideology The working-class revolution that Marx predicted never happened. Nearly 200 years after the publication of The Communist Manifesto, capitalism maintains a strong grip on global society and  the inequalities it fosters continue to grow. Fototeca Storica Nazionale.  / Contributor  / Getty Images   Following on the heels of Marx, the Italian activist, journalist, and intellectual  Antonio Gramsci  offered a more developed theory of ideology to help explain why the revolution did not occur. Gramsci, offering his theory of  cultural hegemony, reasoned that dominant ideology had a stronger hold on consciousness and society than Marx had imagined. Gramscis theory focused on the  central role played by the  social institution of education  in spreading the dominant ideology and maintaining the power of the ruling class. Educational institutions, Gramsci argued, teach ideas, beliefs, values, and even identities that reflect the interests of the ruling class, and produce compliant and obedient members of society that serve the interests of that class. This type of rule is what Gramsci called cultural hegemony. The Frankfurt School and Louis Althusser on Ideology Some years later, the  critical theorists  of  the Frankfurt School turned their attention to the role that art,  popular culture, and mass media play in disseminating ideology. They argued that just as education plays a role in this process, so do the social institutions of media and popular culture. Their theories of ideology focused on the representational work that art, popular culture, and mass media do in telling stories about society, its members, and our way of life. This work can either support the dominant ideology and the status quo, or it can challenge it, as in the case of  culture jamming. Jacques Pavlovsky  / Contributor  / Getty Images Around the same time, the French philosopher Louis Althusser developed his concept of the ideological state apparatus, or the ISA. According to Althusser, the dominant ideology of any given society is maintained and reproduced through several ISAs, notably the media, religion, and education. Althusser argued that each ISA does the work of promoting illusions about the way society works and why things are the way they are. Examples of Ideology In the modern United States, the dominant ideology is one that, in keeping with Marxs theory, supports capitalism and the society organized around it. The central tenet of this ideology is that U.S. society is one in which all people are free and equal, and thus, can do and achieve anything they want in life. A key supporting tenet is the idea that work is morally valuable, no matter the job. Together, these beliefs form an ideology supportive of capitalism by helping us make sense of why some people achieve so much in terms of success and wealth  while others achieve so little. Within the logic of this ideology, those who work hard are guaranteed to see success. Marx would argue that these ideas, values, and assumptions work to justify a reality in which a very small class of people holds most of the authority within corporations, firms, and financial institutions. These beliefs also justify a reality in which the vast majority of people are simply workers within the system. While these ideas may reflect the dominant ideology in modern America, there are in fact other ideologies that challenge them and the status quo they represent. The radical labor movement, for example, offers an alternative ideology- one that instead assumes that the capitalist system is fundamentally unequal and that those who have amassed the greatest wealth are not necessarily deserving of it. This competing ideology asserts that the power structure is controlled by the ruling class and is designed to impoverish the majority for the benefit of a privileged minority. Labor radicals throughout history have fought for new laws and public policies that would redistribute wealth and promote equality and justice.

Legal Aspects of Safety and Health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Aspects of Safety and Health - Essay Example CFOI data reported that deaths resulting from crane related accidents averaged 22 annually while the new findings by CPWR found 42 on average per year within the same period. Electrocution by overhead power lines was seen to be the biggest cause of deaths. OSHA has been in the process to come up with a comprehensive Crane Safety Standard since that of 1971 and the 2000s acted as the decade for formulation of the new standard (CPWR, 2010). Key issues It seems that there have been differences in the figures brought forth by the various bodies that do research on construction accidents. The differences are attributable to the different methods of coming up with the required data. The latter analysis by CPWR sheds real light on situation on the ground which is rather serious. Fatalities clocking above 40 yearly from crane related accidents and hundreds of injuries are alarming numbers considering that most of the accidents are avoidable. It is also important to note that categorization e nables users of data to easily relate various aspects involved as the case is with the categorization of construction deaths by cause, cranes involved and employer size (CPWR, 2010). This way it is easy to narrow down on areas and circumstances that are more prone to accidents.

Mechanical Engineering Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Mechanical Engineering - Research Paper Example Bureau of Labor Statistics 1; America Society of Mechanical Engineers 1). He is also required to understand things such as the ability of the product to persevere the thermal environment and the forces they will be subjected to. Mechanical engineering plays a critical role in industries such as automotive (car chassis, transmission, sensors and engines), aerospace (control systems for spacecraft and airplanes, aircraft engines, and airplanes), biotechnology, (prosthetic devices, and implants), and other industries such as computers and electronics (semiconductor tools, cooling systems, disk drives and printers). In other words, mechanical engineering takes care of everything that moves (Columbia University 1). Mechanical engineering is a field that includes a broad collection of research areas. Mechanical engineering entails the design, analysis, control, and manufacture of fluid, thermal, and solid mechanical systems. It also involves system integration, innovation use of technology, and creation and development of new markets and products, and it offers the solution to problems facing products (National Research Council 2). This entails optoelectrical-mechanical materials, machines, structures, and Nano- and micro scale devices. The most important aspects of the field include combustion, heat transfer (and other processes of energy conversion), fluid mechanics, tribology, biomechanics, solid mechanics (fracture mechanics also included), and education and management linked with the above areas (National Research Council 3). Mechanical engineering is central to the success of medicine. It plays an important role in medical instrumentation, medical devices, prostheses, and tissue engineering. It also plays a critical role in accomplishing energy independence. The national response to alternative energy sources involves the science of mechanical engineering, and

Auckland DHB Elderly Care Strategies

Auckland DHB Elderly Care Strategies Auckland DHB is based to part of Auckland City in which they are serving seven wards Avondale/Roskill, Eastern Bays, Eden- Albert (Balmoral), Hobson, Tamaki- Maungakiekie(Penrose), Western Bays and Hauraki Gulf Islands .It has a population of 475,765 people. Eighty seven percent of the Auckland DHB population live within five wards within the Auckland DHB boundary.The other 13% live in either the Manukau ward within the Counties Manukau DHB area, or the Whau ward within Waitemata DHB.Auckland district health board got 10% of the people domiciled in the Auckland DHB district are aged 65 years and over, compared with 12% of NZ population.17% are aged under 15 years, compared with 22% for all of NZOlder People’s Health wards were the first patients moved into the new Auckland City Hospital which is started by Auckland district health board. Auckland district health board has two sites; inpatient services are based at Auckland City Hospital while outpatient and community services are based atGreenlane Clinical Centre. Older Peoples Health looks after the over 65-year-old population of Central Auckland and offers assessment, treatment and rehabilitation services. There are four wards at Auckland City Hospital that form part of the A+ Links Home and Older Peoples Health Service. The four wards are located in the the Support Building. Awatea Ward and Marino Ward are on level 14. Rangi toto Ward and Remuera Ward are on Level 13.These wards work very closely as a team and a unit. There is a strong Interdisciplinary team (IDT) focus on all four wards. This team is made up of nurses, doctors, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, social workers, dieticians, speech language therapists, pharmacists and others, who all make contributions to the patients care. STRATEGIES Auckland District Health Boards vision’s is of a healthy population, and quality health service to the community people need it –Healthy Communities, Quality Healthcare ~ Hei Oranga Tika mo te iti me te Rahi.It is strategic priorities of Auckland district health board that all rest homes and aged residential care facilities are certified and audited to ensure they provide safe, appropriate care for their residents. This is measured by seeing how they perform against the standards set out in theHealth and Disability Services (Safety) Act 2001. HEALTH OF OLDER PEOPLE STRATEGY {2001} It is cooperated on the national level where Auckland District health board is doing this by putting up policies in Auckland to improve and giving standard of life to old people by giving them appropriate services. Health and support services and programmes specially made to facilitate the wellbeing of the aged people, it also controls over the lives and their capability to participate and capability to social life, family, whanau and community life. OBJECTIVES It provides the planning to support the growth of quality health and support services integrated around the needs of older people. Funding will be managed and services delivered to increase timely access for the quality life integrated health and support services for older people, family, whanau and caregivers. The Hauora needs of Older Maori and their (whanau) family will be given by different appropriate programmes which are going to support them. Special requirement of services should be recognise to support unique position of Maori living in Aotera as Maori. The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy The 1999 International Year of Older Persons prompted the development of a New Zealand strategy promoting the value of older people.In the this strategy they state the aged people live positively and grow properly in there elderly age. Positively strategy is also takes account the health, financial security, independence, self- fulfilment, personal safety and living environment of older Auckland District citizens. The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy provides a framework for developing and understanding policy with implications for older people. POLICIES Auckland DHB A+ Links Older Peoples Health Older Peoples Health (OPH) Serviceprovides inpatient and outpatient care and is spread over two sites; inpatient services are based at Auckland City Hospital while outpatient and community services are based atGreenlane Clinical center. They also have the interdisciplinary day assessment includes Stroke Clinic, Parkinsons Clinic and Auckland City Memory Service. Also available is the Community Rehabilitation Programme to assist people who need some assistance to get back to how they were functioning prior to illness or who need help with the transition back to their home situation after a period in hospital. Home Health Service provides community based healthcare for adults 16 years and over living in Central Auckland. It is based atGreenlane Clinical Centre. Dementia Pathways We will increase access to early onset dementia services.We will help to develop a greater range and level of skill within the Aged Residential Care sector.Overall, we want to see safer practice in working with older people across both inpatient and community settings.This will also depend on increasing service accountability and the reporting of clinical issues. SENIORLINE Support of carer- In this old person can get a support of carer on full time basis from district health board. FUNDING Auckland DHB received $1074.6 million in funding in 2014/15 from Ministry of health Funding increases as a result of growth over the last 3 years were as follows: $21.9 million in 2014/15 $21.4 million in 2013/14 $32.2 million in 2012/13. They also get public funding to serve aged people of Auckland District from NGO’s. TERMINOLOGY Terminology is meant to be the word which is used in different settings of science and in forensic science to name some special characters of some incidents and reactions in chemical. The old age person in the old age socially they called geriatric or elderly. Old age person- As the age recognised socially for the human being which is 65 years and they called retired people. ATTITUDES it is define how the people look the old age person, some of them are think they rely on their kids on the governments to live their lives. The elderly people with dementia they are isolated from the community in the mental institutions. Elderly people are undervalued by the young generation and discriminated against especially with loss of health and income. STEREOTYPES People start commenting them by words like useless or the words which hurts their dignity and respect. Person with cognitive impairments are socially isolated from community and from the family sometime. Most of dementia clients those with serious illness are unable to make decisions for their own lives where some of the families feel burden on them start suggesting them to go live separate or in rest home facilities. BARRIERS It is problem where elderly people get abused at home where they have to do home cleanings and home works like lawn moving, vacuuming. They also neglected most of the times due to their unwillingness and the diseases for the social parties in the families. Society starts undervaluing them when they starts going towards their retirement and they hurts their dignity where they feel disrespectful for themselves. They create image of elderly person of negative energy due to their suggestive nature to young people from their experience which always suggest them to do right things or in proper manners, these things also varies from culture or to religion. 2.3 SERVICE PROVISION All the service provided to aged people through hospitals their primary services and the services which they get from community. General practitioner- for the routines check up Hospitals- for the emergencies and accidents Work and income- for their financial part of their life Citizen’s bureau- for first time information NZ Positive Ageing Strategy (2001) Health Of People Strategy (2002) Above strategies helps to improve their quality of life improving their policies from their past years data gathering from their regional statics. ACESS FRAMEWORK RESTHOME FACILITY- it is started from GP first he assess the elderly person how much care they need for themselves, if it is fell dependence then they ask them to go for NASC assessment to get full service. Ministry of health – incorporate the strategies Auckland District Health Boards- Corporate the policies and strategies stated by Ministry of Health for Auckland District. They can access WINZ for their financials though their website. www.wins.govt.nz REFERENCES A Links Needs Assessment and Service Co-ordination (NASC) †¢ Healthpoint. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2015, from http://www.healthpoint.co.nz/public/older-peoples-health/a-links-needs-assessment-and-service-co-ordination/ Seniorline Home. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2015, from http://www.adhb.govt.nz/SeniorLine Auckland DHB. (n.d.). Retrieved February 21, 2015, from http://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/my-dhb/auckland-dhb Residential care. (n.d.). Retrieved February 22, 2015, from http://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/publicly-funded-health-and-disability-services/residential-care HEALTH OF OLDER PEOPLE STRATEGY {2001}. Retrieved February 23, 2015, from http://www.health.govt.nz/system/files/documents/publications/olderplebb.pdf The positive ageing Startegy Retrieved February 22, 2015, from https://www.msd.govt.nz/what-we-can-do/seniorcitizens/positive-ageing/strategy/

Communication barriers Essay

One of the most challenging issues, any manager will face, is communication barriers. Process, personal, physical, and semantic barriers is what I will focus on throughout this essay. For me, as a manager, the combination of lack of formal upbringing and non-traditional schooling contribute to my communication flaws. The process by which a person interprets a message being delivered is known as the process of communication. When an error occurs while two people are communicating this is known as a process barrier. This type of error can occur while using any form of communication including face to face, or media and can occur for many reasons. I, as a manager, struggle with encoding the messages I am trying to send. Due to my lack of formal upbringing and non-traditional schooling I have a hard time with vocabulary and correct word usage. While writing papers or emails I can use the built-in review tools to assist me such as spell check or grammar correct. I use a program like Word t o check my grammar and spelling when possible. While speaking face to face with people I use simple vocabulary and ask detailed questions to better understand them when needed. Personal barriers is defined as any individual attribute that hinders communication. This particular area of communication is one that I have struggled with my whole life. I have a tendency to talk very fast and not listen so well. I have trained myself to remember that listening is one of the most important steps in communicating with people. I have attended effective communication seminars to help me understand the importance of listening. My main source of communication is face to face and not through media. When communicating through email or text I tend to lose a lot of what I am trying to say. I also focus on using constructive criticism. I have learned from personal experience that it is easier to get your point across when the sender is open to hearing it. Factors such as bad signal, different time zone, and loud noise are known as physical barriers. Physical barriers is another huge reason why I prefer face to face meetings and conversations over media interactions. During a conversation the communicator can misperceive the receiver’s distraction by loud noise and think they are not listening or being rude. This can lead to a very frustrated communicator. When having important conversations with customers, employees, or other supervisors I  always practice active listening. In order for active listening to be effective I require the meetings to be in a designated quite open area that is distraction free. I make sure we have adequate funding for the best technology available to avoid any media physical barriers. We have the best modems, and routers available to a small business. This helps lessen the possibility of signal interruption during our virtual online meeting with the owner during our monthly meeting. The way a person interprets frequently used words can create a semantic barrier. An example of semantic barrier is a situation I personally went through. I will never forget my first experience, I was a new hire for a company within an industry I knew nothing about. I had 8 years management experience in a service industry, but the fashion industry was foreign to me. My new boss said to me, â€Å"We need to get those mannequins done tomorrow before we leave.† The next day came and I assumed we would do them together, but to my surprise my boss never mentioned them. Three days later I was being formally wrote up for not completing an assigned task, also known as insubordination. I was shocked and very frustrated. Due to this situation, when speaking with employees, I always give clear, defined instructions and check for understanding before leaving an employee to perform a task. During day to day operations I have developed Jargon for our office. Previously all the doctors were referred to as doctor and all the patients were known as patients. This became very confusing when trying to discuss specific doctors or specific types of patients. For example patient in room 5 ready for doc would be announced. Now each type of patient, hall, and doctor have a specific call. The same statement as above on the new system would be NP, blue hall, doc 5. It is very specific and leaves no room for wrong interpretation. The new practice of Jargon in the office reduced our semantic barriers dramatically. I am currently a manager for several doctors within one office here in Amarillo, Tx. I have developed procedures for my employees to follow when requesting a meeting with myself or other administrators so that we do not have any physical barriers. During the meeting I use tools such as active listening, assertive communication, and constructive criticism to ensure that there are minimal process or personal barriers. I encourage all employees to ask questions if they are not clear on what is expected of them. I have also developed a training program for our office Jargon that requires all  employees to attend meetings once a month to ensure their understanding of office terminology.

Child Beauty Pageants Must Stop Essay

A child beauty pageant is a beauty contest featuring contestants younger than 13 years of age. Divisions include talent, interview, sportswear, casual wear, swim wear, western wear, out-fit of choice, decade wear, and evening wear, typically wearing makeup as well as elaborate hairstyles. The debate about child beauty pageants in Australia is getting particularly ugly. Ever since the US group ‘Universal Royalty Beauty Pageant’ announced plans to hold its first Australian competition in Melbourne, the cries of protest from parent groups, psychologists and children’s rights organisations have been loud and fierce. â€Å"Would you stand your two daughters side by side in the lounge room and tell one of them that she’s more beautiful than the other?† Pull The Pin organiser, Catherine Manning said. For most people that’s a resounding no, and the reason is obviously not just because of the impact you have on the girl that you tell isn’t the most beautiful, but you’re also sending a really strange message to the girl that you tell is the most beautiful. Adolescent and child psychotherapist, Collett Smart, states that â€Å"it’s cruel to judge little girls on their appearance. To say to a young girl, no, you’re not pretty enough.† It’s harmful to a young girl’s self-esteem to tell her that she simply isn’t pretty enough and that’s the only reason she didn’t win the pageant. It starts to lead to three of the most common mental health problems in girls and women; eating disorders, low self-esteem and depression. In 2002, Stacey Weiner conveyed a study for a column she was writing on seventh-grade girls who viewed idolised magazine images of women, reported a drop in body satisfaction and a rise in depression. In 2005, a study conducted by Anna Wonderlich, of the University of Minnesota, eleven women who took part in child beauty pageants were compared to eleven women who did not. The study found pageant contestants score higher on body dissatisfaction, interpersonal distrust and greater impulsiveness. Child psychologist, Dr. Robert Reiner, stated in 2006 that many parents whose children took part in pageants were attempting to live through their young daughters and were often ‘very pushy parents who, for a variety of reasons didn’t get what they wanted when they were children’. In all the studies shown, 1 in 3 professionals all conveyed that child beauty pageants have major impacts on the well-being of these children, from low self-esteem to depression to eating disorders from such a young age. Savanna Jackson made headlines in the Herald Sun on June 7th 2012, because a three-year-old girl should not be allowed to have a spray tan, on a monthly basis. Lauren Jackson, Savanna’s mother, spends roughly $4,670 a month entering Savanna into beauty pageants. Lauren thought that when she reached the age two, that she would start giving Savanna tanning sessions so the other girls wouldn’t have an unfair advantage. Mrs Jackson first entered her daughter into a ‘natural pageant’ at 10 months, which allows little or no make-up. After Savanna won, her mum began entering her into ‘more glamorous’ pageants. She said that Savanna loved the attention and being on stage made her happier than she had ever been before. What more could a parent want for their child than seeing them happy, however, it starts to become a little concerning when Lauren tells the Herald Sun that her three-year-old daughter wears more make up than her 26 year old mother. Karen Nussbaum, a member from Minor Consideration, a non-profit foundation to give guidance and to support young performers, says that most stage mothers claim their child wanted to enter the pageant on their own. Do children under the age of 10 really know what is best for them? For example, in 1996, 7 year old Jessica Duboff died when her parents let her fly a plane across the country just because she wanted to do it. The Universal Royalty Beauty Pageant, made famous in the reality TV show Toddlers & Tiaras, is travelling from Texas this month so Australian children can compete in formal wear, photogenic and congeniality contests. A controversial article published by the ABC on April 6, 2012 by Stephanie Corsetti, interviews Australia MP’s and gets their opinions. Federal Labour MP Anna Burke is supporting the private members bill and calling for a national ban on the event. Anna says â€Å"dressing them up, fake tans, fake teeth known as flippers, even fake books and bums on three-year-olds is a bit of a ridiculous situation.† It makes us start questioning; do we actually want to promote this in Australia? Promoting something that is not emotionally and mentally stable for young people especially children under the age of 10. In another perspective, for those who believe child beauty pageants should not be banned, owner of Universal Royalty Beauty Pageants, Annette Hill, stated â€Å"if you are looking at children in a sexual way, you should be ashamed of yourself and something is wrong with you. It’s all about a beautiful dress, a beautiful child with lots of personality performing on stage.’ Brendan O’Neill wrote an opinion piece published by the ABC on August 4, 2011 which stated â€Å"the pageant-bashers see SEX, a little whore, a walking, talking temptation for the predatory paedophiles who apparently lurk in every street and alleyway in Australia.† There needs to be a limit on these horrendous child beauty pageants. Change the age to at least 13/14 years old or limit the amount of make-up used etc. That is approach Sally Belinda Broad took. Direct of Australian Kids Pageants. â€Å"our events are ‘natural’ pageants where anything fake is disallowed and age appropriate appearance and performance is encouraged.†

5 Activities for Creativity Improvement for Students

It’s not uncommon for students to experience â€Å"blocks† when facing everyday challenges in school. You can’t get that exam ready, you can’t put yourself up to writing that essay, or simply, homework assignments start to seem tedious or mundane. If you recognize yourself in some of these situations, don’t sweat it; it just goes to show you’re a normal student like any other. But how can you overcome this feeling and start enjoying the tasks assigned to you? Start by putting your creativity to the test. Making your mind go wild and thoughts float freely can be difficult, especially if you’re living with other people, working a job to pay off tuition, or have a cat that jumps up and down the room (it happens). Creativity is a thing of beauty; it allowed us humans to change the world and shape it since the dawn of time. Imagine for a moment that you could not only focus, but be creative about your learning and work. Here are five smart activities to help you ignite your creative spirit and improve your learning abilities in college: 1.Alternative Uses An activity that’s widely regarded to be both productive and engaging when it comes to creativity. Grab the first item you can find at your hand’s reach. A pen, a notebook, anything will do. Now think of ten ways to use it. For example, we can use a notebook as a makeshift tent, albeit a small-scale one. Think of ten examples like this. Go wild, don’t think about the why, not just the how. The test may come off as silly, but it actually activates divergent thinking and your results divide into four categories: Fluency: How many uses for the item did you come up with? Originality: How uncommon are these uses? Flexibility: How many categories do your answers cover? (the tent for example, is an outdoor item) Elaboration: What’s the level of detail in the use you came up with? 2.Incomplete Figure This one is a gem if you’re into graphic design, art, or just like to scribble when you’re bored. Grab a piece of paper and draw a shape. Any shape; an incomplete letter, a half of a circle, a number. Now try to complete the image by using the shape as a base. This is called a â€Å"Torrance Test of Creative Thinking† and it was developed in the ’60 with the goal to identify people with alternative IQs. Sounds interesting, right? Give it a shot. You may be surprised with the results. 3.Riddles Using riddles to improve your creativity is an oldie but a goldie. Websites like GoodRiddlesNow.com offer a vast variety of brain teasers to get your creative side to front and center. Psychologists use riddles to specifically measure and develop convergent thinking, and unlike the first test about alternate uses, the goal here is to arrive at one specific answer. 4.Remote Associates Elephant, vivid, lapse; what do these three words have in common? It’s up to you to discover. The Remote Associates test revolves around giving yourself three words, seemingly at random, and trying to find a fourth word that links all of these together. The answer to the example in mind is â€Å"memory†. Seems obvious, right? Give it a try; creative thinking is best developed when you think about a wide number of subjects. 5.Candle Test Take this one in a safe environment, as it involves burning a candle. All you really need is a candle, a box of thumbtacks and a few matches. Your goal is to fix the candle to a wall in a way it doesn’t drip wax onto the table below it. Sounds crazy, right? The test was developed by a psychologist Karl Duncker in 1945 and it’s a classic when it comes to overcoming creativity problems. Just be careful not to burn anything. Try taking one or two of these at different times during the day; take days in between to process the information and give your mind some rest. You’d be surprised by how you’ll think of new and intriguing ways to overcome infamous writing blocks or studying deprivations. It’s all a matter of perspective, and if you give yourself a fresh one, the amount of work you can get done will increase exponentially. And do be careful with that candle!